Chapter 35 - Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

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Axillary buds

Axillary buds

________, which grow in the axils of leaves and stems, give rise to branches.

Vascular plants' basic shape

________ reflects their evolutionary history as terrestrial creatures that live and take nutrients from two quite distinct environments- below and above ground.

ABC theory

The ________ explains how three types of organ identity genes regulate the development of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.

Internal

________ or external stimuli may induce a plant to transition from one developmental stage to another, such as from producing juvenile leaves to developing adult leaves.

Absorption

________ plays an important function in taproot systems.

major influence

The location of a plant cell in the growing plant has a(n) ________ on how it differentiates.

epidermal holes

Stomata, ________ produced by pairs of guard cells, provide for gas exchange and are important water loss pathways.

model system

A(n) ________ for investigating pattern creation is provided by research on organ identity genes in developing flowers.

Roots

________ are virtually never photosynthetic; they die unless they are fed.

Eudicot

________ stems contain ring- shaped vascular bundles, whereas monocot stems have dispersed vascular bundles.

Tracheids

________ and vessel elements, the xylem's water- conducting cells, have thick walls and die as they reach functional maturity.

tissues

Organs, ________, and cells are organized in a hierarchical structure in plants.

plant body

The ________ is created by growth, morphogenesis, and cell differentiation.

organ

A(n) ________ is made up of many types of tissues that work together to perform certain activities.

Sieve tube elements

________ are alive but highly modified cells that lack many internal organelles; they are fungal.

basic unit of life

A cell is the most ________.

Mesophyll cells

________ are photosynthesis- adapted.

Dermal tissue

________ is a continuous layer of cells that covers the plant's surface.

Parenchyma cells

________ are undifferentiated, thin- walled cells with the potential to proliferate; they carry out the majority of the metabolic activities of synthesis and storage.

Sclerenchyma cells sclereids

________ and fibers- have thick, lignified walls that aid in the maintenance of mature, nongrowing plant components.

tissue

A(n) ________ is a collection of cells made up of one or more cell types that work together to fulfill a specific purpose.

root

A(n) ________ is an organ that holds a vascular plant in place in the soil, absorbs minerals and water, and frequently stores carbohydrates and other reserves.