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What initiated the Arab-Israeli conflict?
The Arab-Israeli conflict began long before 1948 and rests on who is supposed to have control of the area of land stretching from the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea in the south to the Golan Heights in the north.
When was the establishment of the State of Israel?
On 15 May 1948, the new State of Israel was declared and a Jewish political entity came into being there. For the Arabs who had lived in the region for all their lives (and for Arabs in neighbouring countries like Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Egypt), this was an unacceptable act.
What general issues were raised by the creation of Israel?
The people of various religions, backgrounds and cultures that had already lived in the region.
Disputes over where to draw the borders of the country and settle this with the neighbours.
There was also an issue surrounding the administration of control over the city of Jerusalem.
Both sides were reluctant to accept the help of the United Nations in the creation of Israel.
What is the Jewish Diaspora?
This word refers to the dispersion of Jews. This came in the C2nd CE, when in the reign of the Emperor Hadrian, a Jewish rebellion was led by Simon Bar Kokhba. Jews were expelled from Iudaea and, as a result, the province was renamed to ‘Palestina’.
Why did Jews settle in Europe?
The French Revolution of 1789 and its subsequent Declaration of the Rights of Man proclaimed the equality of all people as the basis for citizenship. Jews were specially offered the opportunity to become full citizens in France.
Define ‘pogrom’.
An organised massacre of a particular ethnic group, in particular that of Jewish people in Russia or eastern Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
What is Zionism?
A movement for the re-establishment and the subsequent development and protection of a Jewish nation in what is now Israel. It was established in 1897 under Theodor Herzl, and was later led by Chaim Weizmann.
Where did Zionism come from?
Zionism found its roots in eastern Europe amongst Russian Jews, where they were mistreated by Tsar Alexander III. An horrendous set of pogroms between 1881 and 1884 led to the First Aliyah, during which between 20,000 and 30,000 Jews entered Palestine.
Who provided financial support to Jews moving to Palestine?
These Jews were aided by the financial generosity of Western businessmen, like Baron Edmond de Rothschild, who gave £1.6 million to help establish agricultural settlements in Palestine.
Who was Theodor Herzl?
An intellectual from Austria, Theodor Herzl is known as the ‘Leader of Zionism’. He produced a publication known as Der Judenstaat (‘The State of the Jews’) in an effort to promote Zionism.
What was the World Zionist Organisation?
This was an institution that served as a centre of hope for Israel.
What did Herzl want?
Instead of allowing a place in which Jews can live, Herzl advocated for the establishment of Jewish state. This was a place where the Jewish people can call ‘home’ and it, thus, involved in the creation of a Jewish government, which passed laws according to Jewish tradition and rules. Herzl is trying to reverse the impact inflicted by the Nazi Party.
How does Herzl try to gain the support of other nations in Europe?
Herzl is trying to convince the other nations in Europe that the establishment of the State of Israel would be beneficial for the nations in Europe as well as Israel.
What does Naguib Azoury outline in The Awakening of the Arab Nation?
Azoury is advocating for the creation of an Arab empire, stretching across the entirety of the Middle East. This would encompass all religions and peoples.
How does Azury try to gain support for his vision from other nations?
He promises the freedom of all types of people, regardless of their race or religion.
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