prelim (2)

get a hint

hint

globalization

globalization

process of expanding various sociocultural and socioecological processes from national to international and transcultural level

global connected index (GCI)

measurement of flows and interconnections of a country

globalization

has been a critical discourse in the international development policy arena.

netherlands

world’s most globally connected country

europe

most highly globally connected continent

cambodia, malaysia, singapore, vietnam

economies in Southeast Asia that have exceeded expectations for global connectivity, particularly in trade flow

2017

the world’s level of connectedness in terms of international trade, capital, information, and people is at its peak in year ____

20

percentage of the global economic output of the countries is exported from the home countries.

3

percentage of people are living outside the countries they were born in.

general agreement on tariffs and trade

richer countries banded together to reduce taxes on imports or tariffs under the ______, which was later transformed to the WTO

Modern Technology Developments

Key driver of globalization that facilitated faster communication and access to data or information.

sub-saharan Africa

where almost half of the world’s extremely poor population lives ($1.90/day), has been especially marginalized by globalization.

development paradigm

idea of prescribed path to attain development through certain set of activities, according to a defined vision

globalization

mainly conceptualized as intensified transference or exchange of things across existing boundaries

globalization

primarily an economic process, the drive toward integration of economies throughout the world. Achieved through trading and financial flows across countries’ borders

trading, capital flows, movement of people

3 important aspects of globalization

trading

economic exchanges and deals between countries;

concerns importation and exportation

capital movement

There was an increase in the capital flows to poor countries during the 1990s

Foreign investment

one manifestation of capital movement _____ ;

can be categorized as commercial loans, official flows, or foreign direct investment.

commercial loans

are money lent to foreign businesses or governments.

official flows

refer to development aid or money granted by rich countries to developing nations.

foreign direct investment

refers to buying or putting up a firm in a foreign country or contributing to the enhancement of an existing firm (Levin Institute, n.d.).

movement of people

People can migrate to other countries in search of better employment opportunities.

2.3 million

The number of Overseas Filipino Workers during the period April to September 2018

cultural globalization

increasing "contact between people and their cultures-their ideas, their values, their ways of life" (Kumaravadivelu, 2008, p.33).

political globalization

is the enlargement of the international political system and its establishments, where inter-regional dealings, including trade, are managed (Modelski, Devezas and Thomson, 2007:59)

transnational corporations

international businesses called _________ are important players in globalization

world bank, international monetary fund, world trade organization

3 International Financial And Trade Institutions

Deregulating Businesses

is to reduce the control of government over businesses, making them more powerful in implementing their visions, goals, and operations.

increase income, more employment, less poverty

3 Contrasting Evidence of Positive Effects

economic globalization

is driven by the "growing scale of cross-border trade of commodities and services"

economic integration

seperate production operations are functionally related to each other and form a unified product or services

neoliberal principles

governed by ______ with the roles of the market as a central driver of economic activities, with less government interventions

international economic organizations

a non-state actors such as the international monetary fund (IMF), world bank and organization for economic cooperation and development (OECD) - these organizations are critical in developing and pushing for neolibiral policies among different countries

multinational companies (MNCs)

considered to be the main carriers of economic globalization

central banks

one of the most powerful institutions in the world economy;

they can lead economic developmet, central bank governors are more influential in their own national economy than some politician

civil society

major driver of economic globalization;

composed of individuals disadvantaged by the effects of the globalization of the world economy, they pro

international monetary fund (IMF)

international organization of 183 members countries to promote international monetary cooperation and exchange stability;

foster economic growth and high employment;

to provide short-term financial assistance to countries

international financial institutions (IFIs)

generic name given to all financial institutions

transnational corporations

enterprises that engages in activities which add value in more than one country

g8 and g20

group of nations that serve as an advisory organizations that discuss current economic and political problems and transfer the ideas

global civil society

composed of individuals or groups of individuals disadvantaged by the effects of the globalization of the world economy

immanuel wallerstein

author of world-system theory

world-system theory

in this work, he expounded on the theory on how the core to dominate the periphery areas particularly in the economic world sytem as a basis of his analysis;

peripherals are mostly where production or raw materials are sourced out

semi-peripherals

processed or distributed the products to the core areas

Global governance

collective efforts to identify, understand and address worldwide problems that go beyond the problem-solving capacities of state

The post-American world

In which the United States retreats and the rest of the world advances in economic power and political influence

Nation-state

·        The sovereign territorial state

·        Most countries have lived under this kind of state since the late 18^th century or possible earlier

·        This kind of state has become the universal framework of social development

United Nations

·        Is an IGO designed to make the enforcement of international law, security, human rights, economic development, and social progress easier for countries around the world.

un general assembly

un security council

international court of justice

economic and social council

secretariat

5 (Five) branches of United Nations:

International law

·        Laws that regulate relations of states and international persons

·        It is derived from treaties, international customs and general principles of law

·        If conflict arises, the same is resolved through state to state transactions

National law

·        Laws that regulate individuals among themselves or within the state

·        Consists of statutory enactments, executive orders, and judicial pronouncements

·        If there is conflict, the same is redressed through local, administrative, and judicial processes

Treaty/International conventions

·        International agreements concluded between states

·        In written form

·        Governed by Internation law

·        Embodied in a single instrument or in two or more related instruments

2/3

·        No treaty or international agreement shall be valid and effective unless concurred In by at least ______ of all the members of the senate

bilateral treaties

multilateral treaties

two types of treaties

doctrine of incorporation

doctrine of transporation

two doctrines of Adoption

doctrine of Incorporation

Is a doctrine mainly based under section 2, Art. II of the 1987 constitutions states that:

“the Philippines adopts the generally accepted principles of International law as part of the law of the land”

Doctrine of Transportation

·        Requires the enactment by the legislative body of such international law principles as are sought to be part of municipal law

·        Related to the power of the president to enter into treaties wherein rule and principles embodied in said treaties would be transformed into Philippine Law and would become valid and effective upon the concurrence of two-thirds (2/3) of all members of the senate

International Customs

·        Also known as Customary law

·        Consists of rules of law derived from the consistent conduct of states, acting out of the belief that the law required them to act that way

state practice

opinion of law or necessity

two elements to be deemed as an international custom

regional custom

special/local custom

kinds of international custom

jus cogens

·        Another category of International Customs

·        Refer to norms that command peremptory authority, superseding conflicting treaties and customs which can neither be derogated nor modified

·        Enjoy a higher rank in the international hierarcy than treaty law and even ordinary customary rules

Obligation Erga Omnes

·        refers to an obligation under general international law that a state owes in any given case to the international community, in view of its common value and its concern for compliance, so that breach of thar obligation enables all states to take action

states

·        Entities that have rights and responsibilities under international law and which have the capacity to maintain their rights by bringing international claims

Permanent population

Defined territory

Government

Capacity to enter into relations with other states

elements of states

discovery and occupation

prescription

cession

accretion

conquest

states are created through:

wilson/tobar

betancourt

lauterpacht

stimson

landmark doctrines in state recognition

jurisdiction

equality

individual or collective self-defense

independence

legation

rights of states

principle of non-refoulement

 principle wherein in addition to not returning the refugee to his/her own state, he/she must not be sent to a third state if his/her life or freedom would there be threatened on account of his/her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or social opinion

global interstate system

institutional arrangement of governance that addresses regional and globalized issues that go beyond the scope of nation-state

internationalism

puts emphasis on diversity and celebrates multiculturalism

defined as political, economic, cultural cooperation between nations

globalism

focuses more on the economic aspects of the exchanges among countries and society

ideology based on the belief that flow of people, goods and information should flow freely across national borders

interstate system

system of unequally powerful and competing states in which no single state is capable of imposing control on all others

form of governance for a globalization

montreal protocol on substances

one example of a global treaty

united nations

there are several institutions that govern international relation and affairs. First and foremost is the _____________

with 192 members states, it is seen as the facilitator of global governance

regional commissions

group of officials from different countries that instruct and debate

world bank

international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for capital projects

international monetary fund

looks at the stability of the international monetary system

world trade organization

regulates international trades, ensure smooth flow of trade

world health organization

responsible for global researches on medicines and vaccines

organization for economic cooperation and development (OECD)

thirty five member countries aim to stimulate economic progress

international labor organization (ILO)

deals with labor problems and international labor standards

food and agriculture organization of the united nations (FAO)

leads international efforts to defeat hunger

UNESCO

contributes to peace and security