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Equation
MC squared
Physics
The study of matter and energy and their interactions.
Deriving
To obtain or deduce from a source or origin.
Special relativity
Einstein's theory that describes the behavior of objects moving at speeds close to the speed of light.
Mechanics
The branch of physics that deals with the motion of objects and the forces acting on them.
Position
The location of an object in space.
Time
The progression of events from the past to the present to the future.
Air resistance
The force that opposes the motion of objects through the air.
System of coordinates
A set of numbers or symbols used to determine the position of a point or object in space.
Frame of reference
A coordinate system used to describe the motion of objects.
Principle of inertia
The law stating that an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion, unless acted upon by an external force.
Inertial frame of reference
A frame of reference in which the principle of inertia holds true.
Principle of relativity
The idea that the laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames of reference.
Galileo
An Italian scientist who made significant contributions to the fields of physics and astronomy.1. Speed of light:The constant speed at which light travels in a vacuum, approximately 300,000 kilometers per second.
Relative motion
The motion of an object in relation to another object or frame of reference.
Sense of space and time
The perception and understanding of the dimensions of space and the passage of time.
Duration of time
The length or amount of time that passes between two events.
Clock synchronization
The process of setting multiple clocks to the same time reference.
Parallel mirrors
Two mirrors that are perfectly aligned and equidistant from each other.
Tick and tock
The sounds made by a clock to indicate the passage of time.
Stationary clock
A clock that is not in motion and remains at rest.
Moving clock
A clock that is in motion relative to a stationary reference point.
Path of light
The trajectory or route taken by light as it travels from one point to another.
Zigzag path
A path that moves in a series of sharp angles or turns.1. Velocity (V):The speed at which an object is moving in a given direction.
Time dilation
The difference in elapsed time between stationary and moving frames of reference, where time appears to be slower in the moving frame.
Pythagoras' theorem
A mathematical theorem stating that the square of the hypotenuse of a right angle triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
Hypotenuse
The side of a right angle triangle opposite the right angle.
Square root
The value that, when multiplied by itself, gives the original number.
Factor
A number that is multiplied by another number to give a product.
Principle of relativity
The idea that there is no way to perform any experiment to distinguish between a stationary frame of reference and a frame of reference moving at a constant speed in a straight line.
Compact form
A shorter or more concise representation of an expression or equation.
Gamma (γ)
The factor that tells us how significant the difference is between two time intervals in the theory of relativity.
Elapsed time
The amount of time that has passed between two events.
Special relativity
Einstein's theory that describes the behavior of objects moving at speeds close to the speed of light.
Speed of light (c)
The maximum speed at which information or objects can travel in the universe.1. Time dilation:The phenomenon where time appears to slow down for objects in motion relative to an observer.
Muon
A type of fundamental particle that is created by cosmic radiation and has a very short average lifetime.
Relativistic energy
The energy of an object that takes into account its motion and is described by Einstein's famous equation, E=mc^2.
Kinetic energy
The energy possessed by an object due to its motion.
Rest mass
The mass of an object when it is at rest.
Relativistic momentum
The momentum of an object that takes into account its motion and is described by the equation p=mv/√(1-v^2/c^2).
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