ch.5 vocab

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civil rights

civil rights

Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals.

Fourteenth Amendment

A constitutional amendment giving full rights of citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States, except for American Indians.

equal protection of the laws

part of the 14th amendment emphasizing that the laws must provide equivalent "protection" to all people

Scott vs. Sanford (1857)

decision that said a slave who had escaped to a free state enjoyed no rights as a citizen and that Congress had no authority to ban slavery in U.S. territories. In other words, for all intents and purposes, blacks were property and had no civil rights.

Thirteenth Amendment

abolished slavery

Plessy v. Ferguson

equal but separate

Brown v. Board of Education

1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

Suffrage

the right to vote

Fifteenth Amendment

The constitutional amendment adopted in 1870 to extend suffrage to African Americans.

poll taxes

required citizens of a state to pay a special tax in order to vote

white primary

primary election in which Southern states allowed only whites to vote.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

a law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage

Hernandez v. Texas

extended protection against discrimination to Hispanics

Korematsu v. US

California was right to intern Japanese-Americans in camps during crisis of World War II

19th amendment

Gave women the right to vote

Equal Rights Amendment

a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution outlawing discrimination based on sex

Reed v. Reed

Gender discrimination violates the equal protection clause of the Constitution

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

Major anti-discrimination law for disabled; requires access (ramps, braille, etc.); unfunded mandate

Affirmative Action

A policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory treatment for members of some previously disadvantaged group.

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)

a university may weigh race/ethnic background in admissions but not set aside places for members of particular racial groups

Adarand Constructors v. Pena

Held that federal programs which discriminated people were unconstitutional.