Reconstruction

The period after the Civil War where the North occupied and reformed the South.

Reconstruction amendments

The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the United States Constitution, which abolished slavery, granted citizenship to all persons born in the US, and gave all free men the right to vote.

Emancipation Proclamation

Abraham Lincoln's executive order that ended slavery.

Jim Crow laws

Laws passed in the South after Reconstruction that segregated Blacks and whites, leading to unequal treatment and inferior conditions for Blacks.

Civil rights movement

The movement in the 1960s that fought for equal rights for African Americans and ended Jim Crow laws.

Gold standard

A monetary system where a country's currency is backed by gold.

Panic of 1873

A financial crisis caused by governments transitioning from the silver standard to the gold standard, leading to currency devaluation.