chapter 8 microbiology

get a hint

hint

metabolism

metabolism

used to describe all of the chemical reactions inside a cell. need some kind of energy source and carbon to occur

catabolism

large molecules are broken down into smaller ones, releases energy. basis of digestion

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anabolism

small molecules are assembled into larger ones, uses energy

photoautotroph

uses light as energy source and CO2 as carbon source (plants)

photoheterotroph

uses light as energy source and organic compounds as carbon source

chemoautotroph

uses chemicals as energy source and CO2 as carbon source

chemoheterotroph

uses chemicals as energy source and organic compounds as carbon source (humans, animals)

anything that eats something else to give itself energy is a

chemical energy source

plants and algae can get their energy from a

light energy source

phototroph

gets energy from light

chemotroph

gets energy from chemicals

autotroph

eating within yourself (CO2- inorganic compound)

heterotroph

eating something else (organic compounds)

autotrophs can turn gases (CO2- inorganic) into

physical carbon sources (organic)

energy carriers move

energy

ATP

adenosine triphosphate (adenosine molecule with 3 phosphates attached), "energy currency"

In ATP, the phosphate groups are held together by

2 high- energy bonds

the phosphates in ATP are all negatively- charged, which means the body

uses enzymes to force the negative bonds together. when broken, lots of energy is released.

ATP reaction

1. either solar or chemical energy

2. ADP + P

3. push 3rd phosphate molecule onto ATP (phosphorylation). travel wherever it needs to go then goes to break off one of the phosphate molecules. reaction keeps going in circles.