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Upper Paleolithic

Upper Paleolithic

40,000-12,500BC Human burials, fire, tools, abstract thought; Great Goddess, art

Mesolithic

12,500-8500 BC Improved hunting, smaller tools; jewelry

Neolithic

8500-3000BC Agriculture, towns, poetry Jericho Çatalhöyük

Bronze Age

3000-1200 BC

Early Bronze Age

3000 - 2000 BC Sumerians, Egyptians, Cycladic Islanders, Early Helladic Greeks

Middle Bronze Age

2000-1600 BC Babylonians Minoans Middle Helladic Greeks

Late Bronze Age

1600-1200 B.C Indo-Europeans (Hittites, Mycenaeans) Semites (ugaritians, phoenicians, Hebrews)

Iron Age

1200-900BC Also Dark Age, or Proto-Geometric period Assyrians

Geometric Period

900-700 BC Hesiod Homer

Domestication of Goats

8500 BC

Walls of Jericho

7800 BC

Ceramic Pottery

6500 BC

Invention of the Wheel

4500 BC

Invention of Writing

3000 BC

House of Tiles destroyed

2250 BC

Battle of Qadesh

1285 BC

Trojan War

1265 BC

Collapse of Bronze Age

1200 BC

Alphabet appears in Greece

735 BC

Hesiod Theogony

700 BC

Semitic

A term referring to Semites, a number of people of the ancient Near East, from whom the Israelites descended

Babylonians

A group of people who conquered the Sumerians, located in the Fertile Crescent. They had a very famous king named Hammurabi. Hammurabi created nearly 300 laws known as Hammurabi's Code of Laws, the old known legal system based on the concept of "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth".

Phoenicians

Semitic-speaking Canaanites living on the coast of modern Lebanon and Syria in the first millennium B.C.E. Famous for developing the first alphabet, which was adopted by the Greeks. From major cities such as Tyre and Sidon, these merchants and sailors explored the Mediterranean, and engaged in widespread commerce.

Ugaritians

Ancient semitic people, residing in Syria.

Hebrews

Early group of people who lived in lands between Mesopotamia and Egypt. They developed the religion Judaism.

Assyrians

Known as a warrior people who ruthlessly conquered neighboring countries; their empire stretched from east to north of the Tigris River all the way to centeral Egypt; used ladders, weapons like iron-tipped spears, daggers and swords, tunnels, and fearful military tactics to gain strength in their empire

Indo-European

A family of languages consisting of most of the languages of Europe as well as those of Iran, the Indian subcontinent, and other parts of Asia

Greeks

Known for their culture (such as art, architecture and philosophy). Made up of city-states. Didn't have a large empire or military.

Romans

Ancient people primarily residing in the Italian peninsula, has a great, expansive, and influential empire. Adopted Greek culture.

Hittites

A people from central Anatolia who established an empire in Anatolia and Syria in the Late Bronze Age. With wealth from the trade in metals and military power based on chariot forces, they vied with New Kingdom Egypt over Syria.

Teutonic

Ancient Germanic peoples

Persians

Ethnic group that settled in what is now Iran. They were rivals for control of Mesopotamia with the Greeks, and later the Arabs.

Indic

Ancient peoples of India

Jericho

Site of an important early agricultural settlement of perhaps 2,000 people in present-day Israel.

Çatalhöyük

Significant Neolithic excavation site found in Turkey/Anatolia

Sumerians

The people who dominated southern Mesopotamia through the end of the third millennium B.C.E. They were responsible for the creation of many fundamental elements of Mesopotamian culture-such as irrigation technology, cuneiform, and religious conceptions.

Minoans

The Mediterranean society that formed on the island of Crete and who were a big maritime society.

Sea Peoples

Unknown group of strong warriors who crushed the Hittites and destroyed cities in southwest Asia, who fought the Egyptians for 50 years.

Aegean Sea

A body of water by Mediterranean Sea that touches the borders of Greece & Asia Minor. It also has many islands in it, including Crete.

Anatolia

The peninsula between the Mediterranean and the Black Seas that is now occupied by most of Turkey; also called Asia Minor

Asia Minor

the western Asian peninsula comprising most of modern-day Turkey, known to the Greeks as Anatolia

Atlas Mountains

a mountain range in northern Africa between the Mediterranean and the Sahara Desert

Black Sea

Large body of water separating Ukraine from Turkey

Canaan

An ancient name for the land of Israel

Crete

A Greek island in the Mediterranean Sea, southeast of Greece

Cycladic Islands

Greek island group in the Aegean Sea, south-east of the mainland of Greece

Cyprus

Mediterranean island located south of Turkey/Anatolia

Egypt

This early hamaitic empire has its home along Africa's longest river, with a detailed form of writing.

Fertile Crescent

A geographical area of fertile land in the Middle East stretching in a broad semicircle from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates

Ionia

The territory of Greek settlements on the coast of Anatolia; the main bone of contention between the Greeks and the Persian Empire.

Levant

The eastern Mediterranean region from western Greece to western Egypt.

Libya

Country in North Africa

Mediterranean Sea

A large, almost landlocked arm of the Atlantic Ocean touching Europe, Asia, and Africa

Mesopotamia

A region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that developed the first urban societies. In the Bronze Age this area included Sumer and the Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires, In the Iron Age, it was ruled by the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian empires.

Scythia

Ancient region in southeastern Europe

Sicily

An island in the Mediterranean Sea off the southwest tip of the Italian peninsula

Sumer

The world's first civilization, founded in Mesopotamia, which existed for over 3,000 years.

Syria-Palestine

Mediterranean region located in modern Israel

Troy

an ancient city in Asia Minor that was the site of the Trojan War

Turkey

Eurasian peninsula east of Greece

Ugarit

An ancient city of the Canaanites which was discovered in 1928. Many texts were found there, from which scholars have learned a great deal about the Canaanite religion.

Persia

an empire in southern Asia created by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BC and destroyed by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC

Phoenicia

A maritime civilization of the Mediterranean that developed extensive trade and communication networks as well as an early alphabetical script (1500 B.C.E).

Chaos

Chasm, gap, yawn, the beginning of creation in Hesiod's Theogony

Erebos

Darkness; child of Chaos

Night (Nyx)

child of chaos

Aether

Air. Daughter to Nyx and Erebus. Sister to Hemera (Day) and Light.

Gaia

goddess of the earth and mother of Cronus and the Titans in ancient mythology

Ouranos

Sky god, son of Gaia who mated with her and fathered the Titans

Pontus

The deep sea, child and mate of Gaia

Oceanus

Titan god of the ocean.

Iapetos

A titan. Fathered Atlas, Menoitios, Prometheus, and Epimetheus. God of mortality.

Rhea

One of the 12 Titans, wife of Kronus, mother of the Olympians

Themis

Titan of justice

Mnemosyne

Titan goddess of memory and mother of the Muses.

Cronus

Titan ruler of the universe; father of Zeus

Hecatoncheires

100 handed creatures with 50 heads; children of Gaea and Uranus

Cyclopes

a race of one-eyed giants;

Muses

Nine sisters who give song and inspiration to humanity; daughters of Zeus and Mnemonsyne (Memory), give the Theogony to Hesiod

Titans

Children of Gaea and Uranus, defeated by the Olympians

Erinyes

the furies, female earth-powers who avenge wrongs, especially of innocent women

Aphrodite

Goddess of love and beauty, in Hesiod's version, born of Ouranos' castrated genitals

Eris

Goddess of discord

Moirai

The "Fates" who control the life threads of all mortals. Clotho (the spinner), Lachesis (the measurer), and Atropos (the severer).

Hesperides

Daughters of Night; guardians of golden apples beyond splendid Ocean

Clotho

One of the Fates; spins the thread of life

Lachesis

One of the Fates; as the "apportioner," she measures out the thread of destiny.

Atropos

One of The Fates - She cuts the thread of life and chose the manner of a persons death.

Lethe

The river of forgetfulness in the underworld

Ate

Child of eris, "folly"

Nereus

old god of the sea; father of the 50 Nereids

Nereids

Nymphs of the sea

Phorcys

an old god of the sea, father of Thoosa

Ceto

Child of Pontus and Ge; mother or grandmother of many mythical creatures.

Oceanids

The children of the Titan Oceanus and Tethys; there are the countless nymphs of the rivers and streams of the earth; their name means "the daughters of Ocean."

Helios

God of the sun

Selene

Goddess of the moon; daughter of Hyperion and Theia

Eos

Goddess of dawn; Aurora

Zephyr

The west wind, child of Eos

Boreas

God of the north wind, child of Eos