Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation

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Metabolism

Metabolism

What is reprogrammed in cancer to increase the anabolism of cellular building blocks, generation of ATP and energy uses the maintain rapid cell growth? Answer with a single words or term.

Glutamine

What is also used to fuel the Krebs cycle (TCA) which provides intermediates for anabolic pathways such as nucleotide metabolism, leaving many cancer cells ________ dependent? Answer with a single words or term.

Convert nutrients

Obtain chemical energy by capturing sunlight energy or break down energy- rich molecules from the environment. ________ molecules into the cells own characteristics molecules include precursors of macromolecules.

Cancerous cells

________ promote de novo lipogenesis to provide sufficient amounts of lipids for energy storage and membrane synthesis.

major catabolic pathway

The ________ is in which cells obtain energy from the oxidation of various fuels.

Energy metabolism

________ can very important among cancer patients.

Metabolic cycles

What are regulated at many steps, from within the cell and from outside? Answer with a single words or term.

Catabolic reactions

________ release energy, some of which is conserved in the synthesis of ATP and release electron carriers (NADH, NADPH, and FADH2), the rest of lost as heat.

anabolic reaction

The ________ requires an input of energy, generally in the form of the phosphoryl group transfer potential of ATP and the reading power of NADH, NADPH, and FADH2.

catabolic pathway

What is convergent? Answer with a single words or term.

enzyme

The ________ can be increased and decrease the rate of reaction but not affect the reaction end products.

metabolic pathway

Some ________ is linear and some are branched yielding multiple useful end products from a single precursor or converting several starting materials up to a signal product.

immediate regulation

The most ________ is by the availability of substrate, when the intracellular concentration of an enzyme- substrate is near /below Km, the rate of the reaction depends strongly on substrate concentration.

Secondary metabolites

What are produced in the species- specific or organ- specific biosynthetic pathways? Answer with a single words or term.

Catabolism

________ is the process of the breakdown /degradative condition of metabolism in which organic nutrients molecules carbohydrates, lipids, and protein are transformed into small and simple end products.

anabolic pathway

What is divergent? Answer with a single words or term.

addition of all the chemical transformation

Synthesis and degrade biomolecules required for specialized cellular function such as membrane lipids, intracellular messengers, and pigments. The ________ taking place in cellular organisms founds through a series of enzymes catalyzed reactions that constitute metabolic pathway.

metabolic reaction

The ________ depends on the rate enzyme.

HMP pathway

What is an alternative pathway for glucose oxidation? Answer with a single words or term.

Metabolism

What is a highly coordinated cellular process in which uses many multi- enzyme systems? Answer with a single words or term.

anabolic pathway

What is also called a biosynthesis pathway? Answer with a single words or term.

Metabolism

________ involved biological reactions and non- biological reactions which need organisms to lives life.

Metabolism

What is considered as: Primary metabolism: Primary metabolism is vital for keeps the functioning of the normal biological system? Answer with a single words or term.