BIOL 2420 EXAM 4

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Microbiological contaminants are best described as

Microbiological contaminants are best described as

Unwanted microbes present on or in a substance

All of the following are major categories of microbial control methods except

Genetic methods

Which of the following types of control agents would be most likely to achieve sterility?

Sporicide

Physical agents for controlling microbial growth include all of the following except

hydrogen peroxide

The process that destroys or removes all microorganisms and microbial forms including bacterial endospores is called

Sterilization

Which of the following microbial forms have the highest resistance to physical and chemical controls?

Bacterial endospores

The process of physically cleansing inanimate surfaces to reduce microorganisms and debris to safe levels is called

Sanitization.

The use of chemical agents directly on exposed body surfaces to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens is

antisepsis

Scrubbing or immersing the skin in chemicals to reduce the numbers of microbes on the skin is called

Degermation

The minimum sterilizing conditions in a steam autoclave are

121°C at 15 psi for 15 minutes.

The shortest time required to kill all the microbes in a sample at a specified temperature is called the

thermal death time (TDT)

Disinfection of beverages, such as apple juice, milk, and wine, is optimally achieved by

pasteurization

Electrons are ejected from atoms in cells when organisms are exposed to

gamma rays and X

HEPA filters are used to remove microbes from

Air

The easiest microbial forms to kill or inhibit are

Vegetative bacteria and fungi

Iodophors include

Povidone iodine

Alcohols

All of the choices are correct (are used to disinfect items by soaking, at 50% or higher concentrations dissolve cell membrane lipids, are skin degerming agents, and denature proteins when in a 50

All of the following are methods of disinfection or sterilization except

Lyophilization

What type of molecule can be denatured by heat or changes in pH?

Protein

Using toilet bowl cleaner and nonionizing radiation on inanimate surfaces only removes or kills vegetative bacteria. The term that best describes this action is

Disinfection

Which metal(s) has antimicrobial properties associated with it?

Both silver and gold

Aniline dyes like crystal violet have antimicrobial activity particularly against gram

positive bacteria and some bacteria

You are a scientist isolating a particular microbe from a water sample. As a first step, you need to inoculate a broth culture with your microbe using a sterile loop. Which of the following is the most appropriate way to sterile your loop before inoculation? Consider effectiveness, time, and safety.

Sterilize the loop by using a Bunsen burner at your bench.

Components of the first line of defense include all the following, except

Phagocytic white blood cells

The chemical found in found in tears and salvia that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is

Lysozyme

Which body region is protected by fatty acids, acidic pH, lactic acid, and a tough cell barrier with its own normal flora?

Skin

Which of the following is an example of GALT?

Appendix

The blood cells that particularly target parasitic worms and fungi are

Eosinophils

Which is incorrect regarding fever?

Its associated exclusively with bacterial infections

Hemopoiesis is the

Production of white cells, red blood cells, and platelets

Diapedesis is the

Migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues

Which of the following lymphoid organs has the immunological function of filtering pathogens from the blood?

Spleen

Which structures are found along lymphatic vessels but are heavily clustered in the armpit, groin, and neck?

Lymph nodes

The lymphoid tissues of the intestinal tract are collectively referred to as

GALT

The four classic signs and symptoms of inflammation include all of the following except

Chills

The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are

Pyrogens

Specificity and memory are associated with which body defense mechanism?

T

Which of the following would be a likely outcome if an individual had neutrophils that were incapable of diapedesis?

Repeated bacterial infections

The progeny cells of a B

cell clone are called

Plasma Cells

Secrete antibodies

Cell surface markers involved in immune reactions

Function in recognition of self

Lymphocytes

All of choices are correct (gain tolerance to self by destruction of lymphocytes that could react against self, develop into clones of B and T

Superantigens are

Bacterial toxins that activate T

Which process involves antibodies covering surface receptors on a virus or toxins on a virus or toxins molecules thereby disrupting their activity?

Neutralization

Which process involves antibodies coating microorganisms in order to facilitate phagocytosis?

Opsonization

An example of artificial active immunity would be

Chickenpox vaccine triggers extended immunity to chickenpox

Which types of cells is severely depressed in AIDS patients?

Helper T

In the primary response to an antigen the first class of antibody to be secreted is

IgM

Cody is 4 months kid and is given a DTaP injection by pediatrician as part of the routine immunization schedule.

Artificial active immunity

Which of the immunizations would carry the greatest risk for immunocompromised patients?

Attenuated vaccines