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MC squared
The most famous equation in physics, representing the relationship between energy (E), mass (M), and the speed of light (C).
Deriving
The process of obtaining or deducing a result or equation from given information or principles.
Special relativity
Einstein's theory that describes the behavior of objects moving at speeds close to the speed of light.
Mechanics
The branch of physics that deals with the motion of objects and the forces acting on them.
Position in space
The location of an object relative to a reference point or system of coordinates.
Air resistance
The force exerted by air on a moving object, which opposes its motion.
Parabolic curve
A curved path described by an object under the influence of gravity, resembling the shape of a parabola.
System of coordinates
A mathematical framework used to describe the position and motion of objects in space.
Frame of reference
A coordinate system or set of axes used to define the position and motion of objects.
Principle of inertia
The law stating that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue moving in a straight line at a constant speed, unless acted upon by an external force.
Inertial frame of reference
A frame of reference in which the principle of inertia holds true, meaning there are no external forces acting on the objects within it.
Principle of relativity
The concept that the laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames of reference, regardless of their relative motion.
Galileo
The great Italian scientist who introduced the principle of relativity and made significant contributions to the field of physics.
Dialogue concerning the 2 chief world systems
A book written by Galileo, discussing the heliocentric and geocentric models of the universe.1. Speed of light:The speed at which light travels, which is approximately 300,000 kilometers per second.
Relative motion
The motion of an object in relation to another object.
Sense of space and time
The perception and understanding of the dimensions of space and the passage of time.
Duration of time
The length or amount of time that passes.
Clock synchronization
The process of setting multiple clocks to the same time.
Parallel mirrors
Two mirrors that are perfectly aligned and do not intersect.
Tick and tock
The sounds made by a clock, representing the passing of time.
Constant velocity
Motion at a steady speed in a straight line.
Stationary clock
A clock that is not in motion.
Distance traveled
The length of the path covered by an object.
Zigzag path
A path that moves in a series of sharp turns or angles.1. Train:A moving object with a velocity V meters per second relative to the platform.
Velocity
The speed at which an object is moving in a given direction.
Time
The duration or period during which an event occurs.
Light
Electromagnetic radiation that travels at a constant speed in a vacuum.
Mirror
A reflective surface that reflects light.
Distance
The amount of space between two points.
Tick
The sound or action produced by a clock or watch marking a second.
Clock
A device used to measure and display time.
Diagram
A visual representation of information or data.
Triangle
A polygon with three sides and three angles.
Pythagoras' Theorem
A mathematical theorem stating that in a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
Hypotenuse
The side of a right-angled triangle opposite the right angle.
Square root
A mathematical operation that determines a number which, when multiplied by itself, gives the original number.
Rearrange
To change the order or position of something.
Factor
A number or quantity that is multiplied with another number or quantity to produce a product.
Compact form
A concise or condensed representation of an expression or equation.
Gamma
A factor that represents the differences between two quantities.
Stationary
Not moving or changing in position.
Rate
The speed at which something happens or changes.
Relativity
The theory that states that the laws of physics are the same in all inertial reference frames.
Experiment
A scientific procedure carried out to test a hypothesis or gather data.
Frame of reference
A system of coordinates used to determine the position and motion of objects.
Phenomena
Observable events or facts that can be studied or analyzed.
Pulse rate
The number of times a person's heart beats per minute.
Thought processes
Mental activities involved in thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving.
Time dilation
The difference in elapsed time between two frames of reference moving relative to each other.
Einstein's theory of special relativity
A theory developed by Albert Einstein that describes the behavior of objects moving at high speeds.
Speed of light
The maximum speed at which information or matter can travel in the universe.
Infinity
A concept representing an unbounded or limitless quantity.
Freeze
To become completely still or motionless.
Stand still
To not move or change.1. Time dilation:The phenomenon where time appears to slow down for objects moving at high speeds.
Usain Bolt
A famous sprinter used as an example to explain time dilation.
Muon
A type of fundamental particle that experiences time dilation and can travel long distances despite its short lifetime.
Einstein's most famous equation
E = mc^2, which relates energy (E) to mass (m) and the speed of light (c).
Relativistic energy
The energy of an object moving at high speeds, taking into account the effects of time dilation.
Classical physics
The branch of physics that deals with the motion of objects at everyday speeds.
Kinetic energy
The energy an object possesses due to its motion.
Classical mechanics
The branch of physics that deals with the motion of objects based on Newton's laws of motion.
Newton's second law
The law stating that the force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of its momentum.
Rest mass
The mass of an object when it is at rest.
Relativistic momentum
The momentum of an object moving at high speeds, taking into account the effects of time dilation.
Chain rule
A rule in calculus used to differentiate the product of two functions.
Derivative
The rate of change of a function with respect to its independent variable.
Product rule
A rule in calculus used to differentiate the product of two functions.
Integral
A mathematical operation that calculates the area under a curve.
Change of variables
A technique used in calculus to simplify integrals by changing the variables of integration.
Limits of the integral
The values that define the range over which the integral is evaluated.1. Frame of reference:A specific point of view or perspective from which an object's motion or properties are observed.
Energy
The ability to do work or cause change. In the context of this transcript, it refers to the energy of an object.
Mass
The amount of matter in an object. It is a measure of an object's resistance to acceleration.
Speed of light
The speed at which light travels in a vacuum, approximately 299,792,458 meters per second.
Equation
A mathematical statement that shows the relationship between different variables or quantities.
Gamma (γ)
A symbol used to represent the Lorentz factor in special relativity. It is a function of velocity and approaches infinity as velocity approaches the speed of light.
Relativity
The theory developed by Albert Einstein that describes the relationship between space, time, and gravity.
Velocity
The speed and direction of an object's motion.
Universal speed limit
The maximum speed at which any object can travel in the universe, which is equal to the speed of light.
Kinetic energy
The energy possessed by an object due to its motion.
Classical physics
The branch of physics that deals with the laws of motion and the behavior of objects at everyday speeds.
Fundamental particles
The basic building blocks of matter, such as electrons, protons, and neutrons.
Photons
Massless particles of light that travel at the speed of light.
Rest energy
The energy an object possesses when it is at rest, often associated with its mass.
Substitution
The act of replacing one variable or value with another in an equation.1. Numerator:The top part of a fraction or ratio.
Denominator
The bottom part of a fraction or ratio.
Energy of a master's particle
The amount of energy possessed by a master's particle.
Velocity
The speed and direction of an object's motion.
Massless particles
Particles that have no mass.
Relativistic energy
The energy of an object as described by the theory of relativity.
Momentum
The product of an object's mass and velocity.
Classical physics
The branch of physics that deals with the laws of motion and forces on macroscopic scales.
Kinetic energy
The energy possessed by an object due to its motion.
Halfmvsquared
The expression for kinetic energy in classical physics.
P equals mv
The definition of momentum in classical physics.
Relativistic momentum
The momentum of an object as described by the theory of relativity.
Relativistic energy equation
The equation that relates energy, mass, and velocity in the theory of relativity.
m squaredc to the 4
The term in the energy equation that represents the square of the mass multiplied by the speed of light to the fourth power.
m squaredc squaredv squared
The term in the energy equation that represents the square of the mass multiplied by the square of the velocity, both multiplied by the speed of light squared.
Yellow expression
The simplified form of the energy equation.
P squared, C squared
The term in the simplified energy equation that represents the square of the momentum multiplied by the square of the speed of light.
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