Bisc 2015 Body Organization

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Anatomical Position

Anatomical Position

Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, thumbs point away from body

Dorsal

Back

Ventral

Front

Superior or cranial

Toward the head

Inferior or Caudal

Toward the feet

Anterior

Most forward

Posterior

Toward the backside

Proximal

Closer to the trunk or point of attachment

Distal

Father from the trunk or point of attachment

Medial

Closer to the midline

Lateral

Father away from midline

Superficial

Relatively close to surface

Deep

Relatively far from body surface

What are the two layers of Serous Membranes?

Parietal serosa and visceral serosa

Parietal serosa

lines internal body walls

Visceral Serosa

covers the internal organs

What separates the serosae?

serous fluid

What are the levels of organization from simplest to most complex?

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism

Integumentary system (structure)

Skin

Skeletal system (structure)

Bones, cartilage, joints

Muscular system (structure)

Skeletal muscle, tendons

Nervous System (structure)

Central & peripheral, voluntary & involuntary

Endocrine System (structure)

Glands & hormones

Cardiovascular System (structure)

Blood, blood vessels, & the heart

Lymphatic & Immune System (structure)

lymph vessels, organs, tissues & cells

Respiratory System (structure)

Nasal structures, larynx, airways, and lungs

Digestive System (structure)

alimentary canal and accessory organs

Urinary System (structure)

Kidneys, ureters, and urethra

Reproductive System (structure)

Gonads, accessory organs (primary and secondary structures)

Integumentary System (function)

Protection, water regulation, endocrine

Skeletal System (function)

Protection, support, movement

Muscular System (function)

Movement, transportation, heat

Nervous System (function)

Communication & control, rapid to intermediate

Endocrine System (function)

Communication & control, short to long term

Cardiovascular System (function)

Transportation, thermal regulation, defenses, water

Lymphatic & Immune System (function)

Water balance, absorption, immunity

Respiratory System (Function)

gas exchange

Digestive System (function)

Absorption, energy storage & production, filtration

Urinary System (function)

Water & pH balance, blood pressure, toxin removal

Reproductive System (function)

Makin babies