AP Psychologists

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Mary Whiton Calkins

Mary Whiton Calkins

first female president of the APA (1905)

Charles Darwin

evolutionary psychology survival of the fittest natural selection

Dorothea Dix

creator of american mental hospitals

Sigmund Frued

Psychoanalytic perspective Psychosexual stages unconscious motives wishes and urges

G. Stanley Hall

1st psych lab in america at john hopkins 1st president of the APA

William James

created 1st psych textbook

Iván Pavlov

Classical conditioning

Jean Piaget

Cognitive development

Carl Rogers

self theory client centered therapy active listening unconditional positive regard

B.F Skinner

operant conditioning

Margaret Floy Washburn

1st female Ph.D in psychology

John B. Watson

Behaviorism & little albert

Wilhelm Wundt

backbones of psychology 1st psych lab ever

Paul Broca

speech production area in frontal lobe

Micheal Gazzaniga

split brain researcher how the cerebral hemispheres communicate

Alexander Luria

studied the relationship between language thought and cortical connections resulted in the field of neuropsychology

Roger Sperry

designed surgery to treat epileptics cutting of the corpus callosum contributed to the understanding of lateralization of brain function

Carl Wernike

speech comprehension area in the temporal lobe

Gustav Fetchner

Absolute threshold

David Hubel(with wiesel)

discovered feature detectors in the visual system

Ernst Weber

law to detect JND

Torsten Wiesel

Along with David Hubel discovered feature detector groups of neurons in the visual cortex that respond to different types of visual images

William James

stream of consciousness

Ernst Hilgard

role of hypnotism in human behavior and response

Albert Bandura

Social Learning Theory Bobo Doll Experiment imitation in learning

John Garcia

Conditioned Taste Aversion (The Garcia Effect)

Robert Rescorla

Contingency Theory - a stimulus must provide the subject information about the likelihood that certain events will occur.

Edward Thorndike

Law of Effect; Instrumental Conditioning

Edward Tolman

latent learning; rats in mazes

Noam Chomsky

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

Hermann Ebbinghaus

studied memory using nonsense syllables; retention and forgetting curves

Wolfgang Kohler

researcher who studied insight learning in chimps

Elizabeth Loftus

eyewitness testimony misinformation effect false memories

George Miller

STM's "Magic Number" = 7 ± 2

George Sperling

studied sensory memory sub-type - Iconic Memory - with cued recall tasks

Benjamin Whorf

linguistic determination - language determines the way we think

William James

theory of emotion-the body reaction comes before then emotion quickly after

Alfred Kinsey

controversial research on sexual motivation in the 1940's and 50's

Abraham Maslow

Humanistic psychologist known for his "Hierarchy of Needs" and the concept of "self-actualization"

David Matsumoto

study of facial expressions and emotions; first training tool to improve ability to read microexpressions; studied spontaneous facial expressions in blind individuals; discovered that many facial expressions are innate and not visually learned

Stanley Schachter

Developed "Two-Factor" theory of emotion; experiments on spillover effect

Hans Selye

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)- alarm resistance exhaustion

Mary Ainsworth

secure vs. insecure attachment

Diana Baumrind

types of parenting styles: authoritarian permissive authoritative

Erik Erikson

8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting "Who am I?"

Carol Gilligan

criticized Kohlberg's work b/c he only studied privileged white men and boys she felt this caused a biased opinion against women.

Harry Harlow

wire mother monkey studies contact comfort

Lawrence Kohlberg

Levels of Moral Development- Pre-Conventional Conventional Post-Conventional

Konrad Lorenz

Imprinting in animals

Lev Vygotsky

research on play; "Zone of proximal development" (ZPD) - the range of tasks that a child can complete independently; studied concept of inner speech in language development

Alfred Adler

inferiority complex & sibling rivalry

Paul Costa & Robert McCrae

Big Five Trait Theory (CANOE: conscientiousness agreeableness neuroticism openness to experience and extraversion)

Carl Jung

collective unconscious archetypes

Martín Seligman

positive psychology

Alfred Binet

Created first intelligence test for Parisian school children

Francis Galton

founded psychometrics; developed the ideas of correlation standard deviation regression toward the mean

Howard Gardner

theory of multiple intelligences; 8 areas

Charles Spearman

2-Factor Theory of Intelligence - "g" factor (general intelligence) an inherited intellectual ability that influences all around performance; "s" factor (specific abilities) which account for differences between scores on different tasks

Robert Sternberg

triarchic theory of intelligence- [1] academic problem-solving intelligence [2] practical intelligence [3] creative intelligence

Louis Terman

altered Binet's IQ test calling it the Stanford-Binet

David Wechsler

Developed WAIS and WISC (IQ tests)

Albert Ellis

founder of cognitive-behavioral therapies

Mary Cover Jones

counterconditioning of fears

Joseph Wolpe

developed the Exposure Therapy technique known as flooding

Soloman Asch

conformity studies & line study

Leon Fistinger

cognitive dissonance theory

Fritz Heider

Attribution theory describes how people come to explain (make attributions about) the behavior of others and themselves; behavior is attributed to a disposition or to a situation

Stanley Milgram

obedience studies; "teacher" and "learner" shock experiment

Philip Zimbardo

Stanford Prison Study; power of power; when roles become reality