Studied by 0 peopleAnatomy
the study of the structure and shape of the body;(to cut-tomy) (apart -ana)
physiology
the study of how the body and its parts work or function; (Physio- Nature) (ology-the study of)
Organelle
specialized structures in a cell that performs specific metabolic functions, "little organ"
cell
the smallest units of all living things
tissue
groups of similar cells that have a common function
organ
a structure composed of two or more tissue types that performs a specific function for the body
organ system
group of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose
organism
highest level of structural organization
body covering
integumentary system (skin/hair/nails/sweat glands/sebaceous glands)
support and movement
skeletal and muscular
integration and coordination
nervous and endocrine
transport
cardiovascular and lymphatic
absorption and excretion
respiratory, digestive, and urinary
Reproduction
male and female reproductive system
What are the necessary life functions?
Maintaining boundaries, 2. Movement, 3. Responsiveness, 4. Digestion, 5. Metabolism, 6. Excretion, 7. Reproduction, 8. Growth
metabloism
refers to all chemical reaction that occur within the body and all if its cells
Catabolism
living cells break down substances that occur into simpler substances; destructive metabolism
anabolism
energy-requiring building phase of metabolism in which simpler substances are combined to form more complex substances
What are the survival needs?
Nutrients, oxygen, water, Temperature and pressure
Nutrients
energy and building materials for chemical reactions
oxygen
create chemical reactions that release energy
water
provides the fluid bse for body secretions and excretions, necessary for chemical reaction
temperature
regulates chemical reactions
pressure
maintains the chemical reactions
anatomical position
the body is erect with the feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing forward
supine
lying with the face upward
prone
lying with face downward
superior
toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above
inferior
away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below
anterior (ventral)
toward or at the front of the body; in front of
posterior (dorsal)
toward or at the backside of the body; behind
medial
toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of
lateral
away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
intermediate
Between a more medial and a more lateral structure. (Ex: The collarbone is intermediate between the breastbone and shoulder.)
proximal
close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
distal
farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
superficial
toward or at the body surface (external)
deep
Away from the body surface; more internal
sagittal section
a longitudinal (vertical) plane that divides the body or any of its parts into right and left portions
Frontal Section (coronal)
a longitudinal plane that divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior parts
Transverse
plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions; cross section
dorsal body cavity
contains the cranial cavity and vertebral (spinal) column
ventral body cavity
thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
Mediastrinum
central region that separate the lunges into R & cavities
viscera
deep in the internal organs
Pericardium
serous membrane enclosing the heart
pleura
serous membranes lining and covering the abdominal organs
peritoneum
serous membrane lining and covering the abdominal organs
parietal peritoneum
outer membrane that covers the stomach
visceral peritoneum
inner membrane that covers the stomach
parietal pleura
outer membrane lining the lungs
visceral pleura
inner membrane lining the lungs
parietal pericardium
outer membrane lining the heart
visceral pericardium
inner membrane lining the heart
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