Chapter 26

• At the opening of an American Youth Culture exhibition in Moscow, Nixon and Khrushchev strolled through a model American home, Religion and the Middle Class assembled to demonstrate the consumer products available to the typical citizen of the United States.

• The Baby Boom's standard of living was higher because of Cold War politics.

• The rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union was not settled in the kitchen debate.

• The middle-class American Dream was a Suburban aspiration for people who were urban and consumers.

• There was a growing number of Americans who embraced that aspiration during the postwar period.
• A new middle class was born in the United States after the end of World War II.
• Riding a wave of rising incomes, American dominance in the global economy, and Cold War federal spending, the postwar middle class enjoyed the highest standard of living in the world.

• The middle class' success could not hide their troubles.
• This was not an era of universal conformity.
• The most obvious sources of social tension were Jim Crow laws, contradictions in women's lives, and changing sexual mores.
• Suburban growth contributed to urban decay and racial segregation.
• The Moscow exhibit implied that prosperity was widespread.
• The majority of the country did not have access to the suburban lifestyle, which was beyond the reach of the working poor, elderly, immigrants, Mexican Americans, and most African Americans.

• A family eats breakfast at a campground.
• In the postwar decades, Americans embraced a middle-class, nuclear family ideal.

• The postmodern state and the age of liberty was not an inevitable development after the world war.

• The United States enjoyed enormous economic growth due to several key elements coming together.

• America was poised to enter a boom.
• First, for the first time in the nation's the so-called Third World or developing world, two additional develop as for the development of former colonized nations.
• The benchmark is the federal government's outlays in the U.S. dollar.
• The World Bank for military and domestic programs gave a huge boost to the economy.

• The global economy was guided by the Woods system.

• The first General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was established in 1947 and is used to oversee trade rules and practices.
• The Pax Americana, a Latin term meaning of an open-market global economy and "American Peace", was used to describe the postwar period.
• The United States put on display the technological wonders of American home life at the American National Exhibition in Moscow in 1959.
• When Vice President Richard Nixon visited the Soviet Union, he and Nikita Khrushchev had a heated debate about the merits of their systems.
• The debate is in progress.
• The bald man is pointing his finger.
• Nixon's left is occupied by a man who would be Khrushchev's successor.

• After stability, the system provided needed economic based on the Pen- American economy.

• Defense spending was a part of postwar prosperity.
• Defense-related industries entered into a long-term address to the nation in 1961.

• Over 60 percent of the income of Boeing, had fostered this defense establishment, Eisenhower General Dynamics, and Raytheon, for instance, came feared its implications: "We must guard against the from military contracts, and the percentages were even acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought higher for Lockheed and Republic Aviation Military spending had constituted in peacetime years.
• The government partnerships of World War II are the roots of this complex.
• 10 percent was represented after 1945.
• The country was dependent on a robust defense sector for economic growth.

• Technology developed for military purposes, such as the complex design of jet airplanes, was easy to transfer to the consumer market.
• The Boeing plant in Seattle is pictured in the mid-1950s, when it became one of the leading commercial airplane manufacturers in the world.
• The Department of Defense awarded a lot of military contracts to American corporations after World War II.

• After 1945, science grew rapidly.
• Government and corporate culture became intertwined after the war.
• Cold inspired many critics who argued that the obedi War competition for military supremacy spawned both ence demanded of white-collar workers and stifled an arms race and a space race in the United States.
• 90 percent of the cost of research for men and professionals of earlier years was covered by the federal government, compared to 65 percent by the independent business.
• The sociologist, 42 percent for scientific instruments, and even William Whyte painted a somber picture of "organiza 24 percent for automobiles."
• Andrew is using new technology to make useful products.

• Eisenhower was alarmed that the United States was falling behind in science and technology.
• From 1947 to 1975, worker persuaded Congress to appropriate more money for college scholarships and university research.
• The University of California could turn out products more efficiently if they were mechanized industries.

• The Massachusetts Insti Mechanization did not come without social costs, how tute of Technology, and the University of Michigan.
• Millions become the leading research centers in the world over the course of the postwar decades.

• Workers and their military-corporate partnership was not the only part of the union that was less enthusiastic.
• How are the nation's finances?

• The top four firms in tires produced an extraordinary postwar record.
• GDP jumped from $213 billion in 1945 to more than that of those in detergents, 70 percent.
• The American Chamber of Commerce had a president who was $1 trillion by 1970.
• Corporate growth was spurred by the new foreign markets.
• Low inflation was featured during ity.
• After a burst of high prices in the 1950s, U.S. exports nearly doubled, giving the nation a trade surplus of $5 billion in 1960.
• Coca-Cola, Gillette, IBM, and the Vietnam War caused it to stay low until the 1970s.

• Mobil made a lot of money abroad.

• Americans felt better off than giants because they felt secure about the future.
• By 1960, 62 percent of American families owned their homes, compared to 43 percent in 1940.
• Income inequality dropped sharply in that complex environment that demanded long-range fore period.

• The social responsibility goes to the top tenth of total income.

• The GDP rose in both real and constant dollars after the Great Depression.

• By the middle of the 1950s, 2.2 million veterans had attended richest Americans, while another 5.6 million had attended trade from the 45 percent it had been in 1940.
• One veteran commented that before the GI Bill, society had become more prosperous.

• John Kenneth Galbraith argued that the poor trade schools were only an "afterthought" in the minds of economists and that politicians celebrated the new growth.

• Today's Rutgers University students earn less than $1,000 a year, compared to 7,000 before the war.
• The GI Bill trained nearly half a million people, including 200,000 doctors, dentists, and nurses.
• "I see one-third of a nation ill-housed, ill-clad, and higher earning power translated into the con ill-nourished", declared "one-third of the nation" to be sumer spending that drove the postwar economy.
• A person who is poorly paid, poorly educated, and poorly housed.
• The GI Bill's observer was so impressed with it that he declared it responsible for the middle convergent, even though the bottom remained far behind.

• One of every five single- family homes built in the US in 1966 was built in the domestic market.
• 2.5 million new homes were built in the United States using GI Bill sumer goods for the average person.
• The boom that created jobs in the construction industry was different from the consumption and citizenship boom of the 1950s.

• More than 6,000 of the 10,000 students at the University of Iowa in 1947 were veterans whose education was funded by the GI Bill.

• American universities were bursting at the seams from the huge number of World War II veterans.

• The U.S. workforce was one of the best in the world in the 1950s and 1960s because of government financing of college education.

• After a new GI Bill was passed in 1952, the two sides seemed to be ans.
• They were going to have a long fight.

• The outcome did not come without a fight.
• In the 20th century, unions staged major strikes in almost all American industries, and employers fought back.
• After World War II, they represented the UAW Walter Reuther and CIO president Philip close to 40 percent of the nonfarm workforce.

• Although there was a decline after the 1950s, unions still represented a 30 percent wage increase, which would fuel postwar con in 1973.
• Their decline was swift.

• The General AFL-CIO Information Bureau is in Washington, DC.

• The country still has a general acceptance of collective bargain baby's room, a new stove, oven, and refrigerator, and accessories for the strikes.

• The result was a rise in real income.
• The photo of the house's exterior real income in the 1950s was not mentioned in the article.

• More leisure was delivered by unions.

• As America's allies built welfare states, biles drove the postwar American economy.
• The military-industrial complex did.

• More than 25 million unions turned to the bargaining table between 1945 and 1970.
• New houses were built in the United States.
• Each of the 1950s union contracts required its own supply of new appliances, from refrig pension plans and company-paid health insurance.

• Between 1940 and 1951, the American alternative to the Euro 35,000 per year increased from become, in effect, the American alternative to 4 million new refrigerators.
• As Reuther boasted, the pass American industry discovered planned obsolescence, which port into the middle class.

• The labor-management accord, though impressive, and cars every few years, was never as universal as it seemed.

• The postwar lead firms were losing market share to baby boomers.

• The consumption was a final vulnerability.
• The basic companies when they were infants were focused on developing new baby products.
• Managers considered labor posable diapers to be instant formula.
• New television programs, manent peace, when they were management accord as a negotiated truce, not per toddlers and young children.
• The postwar labor-management accord board games, fast food, TV dinners, and thousands of others were a fleeting event, not a permanent different kinds of toys.

• Increased educational "teen culture" with its appropriate clothing, music, levels, growing home ownership, and higher wages all bombarded them.

• The answer can be found in the postwar empha close to the weekly disposable income of an entire family.

• A typical everyday life in the twentieth century includes three working centers.
• There were 7,000 TV sets in American homes.

• The teenage girls and boys were restrained by police outside of an Elvis Presley concert.
• Elvis, who was instrumental in popularizing rock 'n' roll music among white middle-class teenagers in the mid-1950s, was one example of a broader phenomenon: the creation of the "teenager" as a distinct demographic, cultural category and, perhaps most significantly, consumer group.
• Middle-class teenagers had money to spend in the 1950s, and advertisers and entrepreneurs sought ways to win their loyalty.

• In ten years, 87 percent of American homes have seen someone tell the most heartrending story of trag on television.
• Having won the edy and lost it.
• The winner was given a household home, and television was the main product.

• Anacin's sales increased before them by 50 percent because of advertising.

• By the late 1950s, what Americans saw on televi as long as they sold viewers to advertisers would stay on the air.

• Mother was a full-time housewife stars, sports figures, and stimulating graphics to capti and stereotypical female, prone to bad driving and vate viewers.

• Tele changed the way products were sold to Amer vision.

• Aggressive advertising of new products such as the color television helped fuel the surge in consumer spending during the 1950s.
• In the 1951 magazine advertisement, the family is watching a variety program starring singer Dinah Shore, who was the television spokeswoman for Chevrolet cars.

• The tune of the little song she sang in praise of the Chevy could be hummed by every American.

• Television was never a showcase for the breadth of peer groups and the consumer tastes of young American society, but in the second half of the 1950s.
• The teen market broadcasting lost a lot of its ethnic, racial, and class.

• The modern state and the age of liberty was shown to the audience in motion pictures.

• How did they get involved in rebellion?
• The owner of the films company is quoted as saying.

• Between 1953 and 1959 there were record sales of teenagers.

• By the early 1960s, Holly, many unhappy adults saw in rock 'n' roll music an wood had retooled its business model, shifting away from adults and families to teenagers.
• horror, rock 'n' ries on problem teens, and denunciations of the new roll were some of the genres featured in the media.

• The popularity of the youth culture was increased by what really defined it.
• Both Hollywood and it's music.
• Teenagers discovered rock 'n' roll after rejecting the romantic ballads and the music industry found out that they were rebelling in the 1940s.

• The founding members of the Supremes were Mary Wilson, Diana Ross, and Florence Ballard, and they produced twelve number-one singles.

• The record label owned by Berry Gordy specialized in cross-over acts: black singers who sold records to white audiences.
• In the era of Jim Crow, there was a small but noteworthy step towards a less racially segregating American culture.

• Many art therapeutic use of religion as an antidote to life's trials was embarked on by writers and jazz musicians.
• Peale said anyone could overcome intensely personal, introspective art forms with faith in new experimental projects and positive thinking.

• The foundation style known as bebop was laid by Graham, Schuller, musicians and other 1950s evangelicals.
• The rise of the televangelists, who created popular ophonist Charlie Parker, and the more subdued television ministries of the 1970s are examples.

• As a righteous person opposed to communism, it stood in stark contrast to the rest of society.
• The "swing" bands of the 1930s and 1940s were led by Julius and Ethel Rosenberg.

• The cultural rebellion of the Beats in the 1960s would inspire a new generation of young rebels who were dissatisfied with both the political and cultural status quo.

• Americans were anxious about the spread of "godless communism" and were looking for a reaffirmation of faith.
• In 1940, 49 percent of the population were members of the church.
• The evangelical Protestant denominations were beneficiaries of a new crop of preachers.
• Billy Graham was the most eloquent because of his use of television, radio, and advertising.
• Graham's 1949 revival in Los Angeles and his 1957 crusade at Madison Square Garden in New York were seen by hundreds of thousands of Americans.

• Billy Graham's religious reawakening was leather to bring Christian conversion to hundreds of people who were designed to mesh with it.
• In the 1940s and 1950s, Graham preached to large crowds in Columbia, South Carolina.

• These religious people are having babies.
• In adulthood, it was almost a citizen's comparison with the politicized evangelism that responsibility, as everyone expected to have several tives struck a distinctly moderate tone.
• After a century and a half of decline, it emerged in the 1960s and 1970s.

• More babies were born in the six years between 1948 and 1953 than in the previous thirty years.

• The average marriage age in the Era of Containment was twenty-two for men and twenty for women.

• A bumper crop of children were meant by marriage, family structure, and gender roles.
• The average number of children for women who underwent significant changes since the turn of age in the 1930s was 2.4.
• The average number of children in the nine counterparts began in the 1950s.
• The Great Depression of the 1930's led to the decision of middle-class Americans to limit marriage to a lifetime of shared friendship.
• There are more children in the mid-twentieth.
• The baby boom peaked in 1957 and family life remained at a high level until the early 1960s.

• Nuclear families were celebrated by baby boomers.
• During the 1970s, children were prized for jobs, the labor market and women's roles were appreciated.
• The view became tight.
• Cold War politics helped strengthen the birth of domesticity when career-oriented baby boomers of family life began having children in the 1980s.

• The song "Gotta Make Up for Lost Time" was a hit in 1945.
• The families formed after The American Birthrate, 1860 World War II: First, marriages were remarkably stable.

• The long-term downward trend in the divorce rate began to reverse in the mid-1960s.
• The married couples were interested in American birthrate.

• penicillin was introduced in 1943, streptomycin work and family life were shaped by two powerful forces.
• One was in1945 and the other in1946.
• The middle-class domestic ideal in which women were able to get a vaccine for a disease was the reason why Dr. Salk was expected to raise children and attend to other duties as a national hero.
• The free distribution of Salk's vaccine home and the dedication of their husbands' happi in the nation's schools followed by Dr. Albert ness.

• The nation's educational market was given a boost by the baby boom.
• The pay system needed to be boosted for most working-class women.
• Middle-class parents receive America's check to help their family.
• The first college-educated generation placed a high value on middle-class women finding jobs in the professions on education.
• Suburban parents approved 90 percent and business was dominated by men.
• The market offered mostly expenditures accounted for 7.2 percent of the gross "women's jobs", double the 1950 level.
• Little room for the baby boom generation swelled college enrolls in the 1960s.

• The idea that a woman's place was in the home was not new.
• The postwar obsession with the State University of New York systems added doz ninity and motherhood and offered students in the 19th century's notion of domesticity.

• Middle-class parents want to keep baby boom children with normal female identity and healthy and happy.
• The advice of experts was relied on by A.

• New career women are depicted as social misfits.
• Spock's approach to consumer culture emphasized women's domestic ating.
• As a purchasing agent for home and family, your little paperback is still in my cupboard.

• Spock was part of a generation of women who shopped for the family.
• Their experts' advice was often not reassuring to women.
• Spock and others argued that if contributions took them outside their mothers, they should go into the workforce.
• Half of all women workers were married in 1954.

• Americans faced new opportunities at the dawn of the postwar era.
• The GI Bill changed the lives of many former soldiers who attended college.
• The ideal role of housewife and mother was under pressure.
• Communism, which Americans feared but little understood, was on the horizon, both in reality and in the American imagination.
• The ordinary lives of Americans were shaped by racial segregation.
• The experiences of coming of age in the 1940s and 1950s are recorded here.

• It was official policy that no American journalism existed, but I knew that Art Buchwald was one of the best-known humorists in the world.
• He was an ordinary ex who could use the GI Bill to go to college.

• I couldn't bring myself to take that kind of job.

• I was very involved with them after the war.
• I showed up at the counter and said I was radical.

• The G.I.
• was accepted as a full-time student under the Negroes and the working class.
• Bill, I was entitled to seventy-five dollars a month and the Un-American Activities Committee.
• You certainly didn't think of a woman who was like a mother to her thirteen children when you found loyalty oaths, Communist splits and schisms, and a boardinghouse that was run by Russia, China and the UN.

• After the Second World War ended, there was a class war going on at USC.
• Since Friedan, Betty's Copyright had little use for the Fraternity men.
• The 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846

• She wrote about her experience learning Sons.
• Permission was granted for this to be used by the author.

• We were all aware of Communism.

• Friedan was not a feminist at the time, but I secretly wanted to ask him why Communism was so deeply engaged in the politics of the era.

• The boys came back from the war and he stayed in another teacher's room.

• I was bumped from my job on a small labor news service.

• The message was still there when I woke up the next morning.
• He recalls the ritual of buying a house.

• Permission was granted for it to be reproduced by Molly Friedrich on behalf of the author.

• My tribe, we were conquerors.

• The influx of GI Bill veterans would make sense.

Why did she get bumped from her job when she returned to the stall?

Does it give an explanation for the seat?

• All rights belong to the person.

• Middle-class women's lives became more complicated in the postwar decades.
• They may have dreamed of a suburban home with a brand-new kitchen, like the one shown in this 1955 photograph, but laboring all day over children, dirty dishes, and a hot stove made them cringe.
• In the 1950s and 1960s, most women were confined to low-level secretarial work, waitressing, and other service-sector work.
• At the end of the 1960s, women began to enter the professions in larger numbers.

• The majority of working women performed the double day: a full day at work and a full day at home.
• The expectations and double bind were faced by women.

• 60 percent of men's pay year, 30 percent of wives worked, and by 1970, it was in 1963.

• Contrary to stereotype, women's paid the economic needs of their families demanded that work was not merely supplementary.
• They work outside the home.

• Despite rising employment rates, many men found that their wages were not enough to live on.
• Middle-class life used to include cars, houses, fied sections of newspapers, employment vacations, and college education for the children.
• More than 80 percent of people are employed.

• From all class women's economic role tionists, telephone operators, and background, entered the paid workforce.

• The women themselves hid 97 percent of nurses and 85 percent of librari contradiction.

• They were still responsible for child care and moral traditions despite the new freedoms.
• This was especially true household management, contributing to the "double with regard to sexample Two controversial studies by a day" of paid work and family work.
• The Indiana University zoologist named dened woman noted that she had two full-time jobs, one of which Alfred Kinsey forced questions about sexuality into.
• 270,000 copies of the book were sold in the nation.
• If it did first month after publication, Americans wanted to believe it.

• Between 1945 and 1965, the sexual experiences of thousands of domesticity and middle-aged people were a period of cultural conservatism that reflected Americans.

• At the beginning of the 1960s, homosexuality and infidelity in the detached high school was a fad as taboo topics went steady as a way to prepare for marriage.
• College women needed a language of science.

• More than half of those who married in 1963, which was a largely hidden sexual revolution, were under the age of twenty-one.
• The Kinsey trol pill came on the market in 1960 and it was estimated that 85 percent of men had had sex before it was prescribed to unmarried women.

• Many Americans were surprised when Alfred Kinsey revealed the country's sexual habits.
• Kinsey wrote about American sexual practices in his books about men and women.
• It still made for a great read.

• The Modern State and the Age of Liberty, 1945-1980 report became a national figure of speech.
• Kinsey was criticized by the U.S. Senate because his samples were not televised.
• The final report, written largely by the Tennessee Democrat, was condemned by the Senate after religious leaders complained of the "scantily clad women" encouraging promiscuity and adultery.
• His research and "penchant for violent death" common in comic opened a national conversation with books for teenagers.
• The cations were forced by Kefauver's report.

• Most Americans think that seeing a longer excerpt from the Senate hearing is rare.

• The world of "hip" bachelor men and claims came as little surprise, but great encouragement to sexually available women.
• The Mattachine Society is the first gay rights organization in consumer products.
• Hefner's magazine Bilitis encouraged men to spend money on clothing and jazz philes were a small but determined collection.
• The women filled its pages.
• The pioneer lesbian activist media wrote that Hefner and his lesbians are endowed with all the attributes of imitators.
• The exception was Hefner.

• Same-sex sexual relations were illegal in every state and feared by most Americans.
• The Prosperity was created to combat prejudice and change the laws.
• To dress in conserva quality of life is more difficult than it is to avoid bars and nightclubs.
• Only to family and domesticity, and preference for suburban in the 1960s, did Homophiles begin to talk about the living.
• The definition of suburbanization is laid out in this section, as we consider the third dimensions of "homophile vote" and their rights as citizens.
• The groundwork was laid for the gay rights movement.

• The movement of homosexuals was unknown to most Americans.
• The Postwar Housing Boom challenges to traditional morality received national media attention, and the media themselves became a controversial source of these challenges.
• After World War II, the scale of excessive crime, violence, and sex in comic books was never before experienced.
• Levit towns weren't housing or shopping malls.
• Entire counties had their own.
• Manhattan went suburban.

• Americans lived in the suburbs.

• During the Great Depression, the Supreme Court banned ization after the war.
• One-fourth of the country's entire restrictive covenants, but racial dis of the growing size and housing stock in 1960, had not even existed a decade earlier.

• The practice continued for a long time.

• Racist homes were not allowed at a fast pace.
• The basic four-room crimination in housing until Congress passed the Fair house, complete with kitchen appliances, was priced at the Housing Act in 1968.

• The first Levittown homes went on sale in 1947 for $7,990.
• Without cars and word of mouth, his developments in New York would have been impossible.
• There are subdivisions on Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
• The assumption is that everyone would drive.
• They bought cheap farmland to get to work and to take the children to Little building subdivisions around the country.

• To shop.
• With gas plentiful and cheap, no one cared about the fuel efficiency of their homes beyond the means of most young families with the tra V-8 engines or the elaborate tail fins.
• By 1965, Americans owned twenty-five million cars and the price was half of the full price.
• Two decades later, the number of posts tripled to war development.

• The federal government brought the well between 1949 and 1972 and the Administration and the Veterans Administration followed suit.

• More cars required more highways and the federal range of Americans.
• The government obliged after the war.
• America's landscape and driving habits were altered in the mid-sixties when the Federal Housing Administration insured thirty-year mortgages with as little as 5 percent.
• After hovering around 45 percent for 42,500 miles, it's best to explain why.
• Home ownership went up because broad highways made it difficult to evacuate by 1960.

• Suburban houses changed American cities forever.
• Heterogeneous communities were an enormous public tion.

• The trees were young.
• Levitt's, the federal company, enforced regulations about maintaining highways that made it possible for the massive suburbanization lawns and not hanging out laundry on the weekends.

• There was the matter of race.

• Between the end of World War II and the 1980s, Americans built and moved into suburban homes in an unprecedented wave of construction and migration that changed the nation forever.
• New home loan rules and government backing of The Suburban made new suburban houses cheaper and brought home ownership within reach of a Landscape of Cold larger number of Americans than ever before.
• Commentators cheered these developments as a boon to ordinary citizens, but by the 1960s a generation of War America urban critics led by journalist Jane Jacobs began to find fault with the nation's suburban obsession.
• Evidence of how these new suburban communities arose and how they began to transform American culture can be found in the following documents.

• William J. Levitt was the president of Levitt and Sons, Inc.
• He feels that he has started a revolution.

• Builders are a poor lot, too small to put pressure on materials manufacturers or the local czars of the building codes or the bankers or labor.
• He said that a builder should be a manufacturer.
• He is a nonunion operator.

• The Levitt prescription for cheaper houses is as follows: 1) take infinite pains with infinite details; 2) be aggressive; 3) be big enough to throw your weight around; 4) buy at wholesale; and 5) build houses in concentrated developments where mass-production methods can be used on the site.

• The Levittowners are similar to other young middle class Americans because we are not many American communities.

• They are part of the majority of the population.
• The more people move about, the more powerful and similar American environments become, and the easier it is to move about.

• Young couples who move seek to attract and satisfy.

• Although they are citizens of a national polity and ture, the faces, and the names may change; the people, their lives are shaped by national economic, social, and conversation, and sometimes the political forces.

• Levi sees their homes as the center of life and they add that there are no extremes, towners are still using a societal model that fit the rural and if the place isn't without class, it is at least an America of self-sufficient farmers.

• Suburbanites would like to think of their communities as smaller settlements.

How does Levitt's theater and drive-ins fit together?

In source 5, what advantages does Jacobs see in large?

• The diversity that is generated by this chapter and the documents provided cities rests on the fact that so many people in cities are interested in postwar suburbanization.

• He was both fascinated and appalled by Americans' love affair with the automobile when he arrived in Los Angeles in the early 1960s.

• Our decision to buy a car was made in a healthy town, where they can hear their neighbors and smell their instincts.
• I learned from bitter experience that death was preferable to living without one.

• The views from the plane and the weird excursion from town, at half price, didn't show what I would go through to build their dream house.

• The nearest supermarket had streets that stretched in all directions.
• Olympic Boulevard is half a kilometer south of our apartment.
• My son's kindergarten is from Long Beach in the south to the edge of the desert, two kilometers away from Sepulveda Boulevard.
• The entire 1,200 square kilo office is an undertaking to the bank.

• There aren't any tramways.

• The man invited me to his house.
• It was written by Oscar and Lillian Handlin.

How far was the walking distance?

Why did Bartov think owning a car was necessary?

• Suburbanization would have contributed to the pendence.

• He romanticized the new structures as "today's village appliances and gadgets; they also pioneered entirely green, where the fountain in the mall has replaced the new forms of consumption."
• Suburban restaurant dining with their grand department stores, shopping centers worked perfectly in the world of sub elegant eateries and low-cost diners.
• The shopping mall and fast-food restaurant were the main players in metropolitan retail trade in the United States in 1939.

• A major devel patterns of consumption is that of a Chicago-born son of an operator of shopping malls in the Northeast.

• The National Interstate and Defense Highway Act paved the way for an extensive network of federal highways.
• The act pleased American drivers and enhanced their love affair with the automobile, but it also benefited other industries.
• The nation's economic integration, the growth of suburbs, and the erosion of America's regional identities were promoted by the new highway system.

• The inexpensive McDonald's restaurant in San Francisco quickly served hamburgers that were hungry in California.
• In the mid-sixties, Kroc invested in families to be able to eat in the restaurant, in their cars, or at twelve more franchises, and owned seventy homes.
• The company was bought three years later.
• The sign on the restaurant says it all.
• Suburbanization laid the groundwork for the rise of fast food.
• The food in the new restaurants was cheap, convenient, and fast, but it was not necessarily healthy.

• By the year 2000, fast food was a $100 billion industry and New York was the most populous state.
• Santa Claus was among the top ten largest in the world at the end of the century.

• San Diego County, California, and visions are examples of subdi regions that were open space in some instances.
• Between 1940 and 1970, the Houston area in Texas and Florida added 3.5 million people.
• The electronics and defense industries were mostly based on industries.
• California's growth was most dramatic in the Sunbelt metropolitan regions.
• The state's booming defense contracts have spurred the economy and military bases related aircraft and electronics industries.

• The two major patterns of population movement are shown on the map.
• The growth of the Sunbelt states is striking.
• The Southwest and Florida are where all the states have experienced increases of over 100 percent.
• The growth of metropolitan areas is defined as a central city or urban area and its suburbs.

• The central cities were not growing.
• The suburbs accounted for the metropolitan growth shown in the map.
• Los Angeles is the clear leader in metropolitan growth because Sunbelt growth was primarily suburban.

• Orange County, California was the best example of Sunbelt suburbanization.
• The persis land of oranges, groves and older housing stock deteriorated in the Orange County until the 1940s.
• Boosters attracted new bases and training facilities during the urban crisis, when racial segregation produced what many at the II did.
• The marines, navy, and air force were not welcome in the shiny new suburbs built by men such as William J. Levitt.
• Cold War militarization and the Korean African Americans found low-paying jobs in the city War and lived in slumlike apartment buildings.

• Despite a thriving black middle class, larger turers built new plants in the sunny groves.

• So did the developers who built the subdivisions.
• The population of the county jumped from 130,760 in 1940 to 701,925 in 1960 because of racism in institutional homes.
• In the early 1950s, as whites left for the suburbs, the urban infrastructure that was built to support them deteriorated as restrictions and segregation increased.

• The frenzy of urban renewal that hit black neigh new generation of suburbanites what Coney Island had in the 1950s and early 1960s was what led to Disneyland.

• Many of the construction projects that moved into the cit appeal to the fleeing middle class were done by southern African Americans.

• Boston lost almost one-third of its white population in the 1950s while gaining 4.5 million nonwhites.

• The social critic government and commercial buildings will be replaced by a new highway, high-rise housing, and prosperity.
• In San Fran, it remained mostly invis cisco, with some 4,000 residents of the Western Addition.
• Between investigate the causes of the 1967 urban riots, deliv 1949 and 1967, urban renewal nationwide demolished and warned that "our almost 400,000 buildings and displaced 1.4 million nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one people."

• The experts believed that American cities had long been the home of pov with the dislocated, and that they should relocate them to slum housing and cultural housing projects because of the New Deal housing dislocations brought on by immigration.
• Sea migration from rural areas is well intended.
• Problems with new rounding neighborhoods were experienced by those in the industrial Northeast high-rises that isolated their inhabitants from the sur and Midwest.
• The impact felt strong.
• By the 1950s, the manufacturing sector was strong among African Americans, who often contracting, and mechanization was eliminating them, so public housing increased racial segregation and concentrated the poor.
• New urban homes in Chicago usually take up the Robert Taylor jobs, with twenty-eight buildings of six residents.
• Almost all of the jobs that disappeared in teen stories were held by black people.

• The "urban crisis" of the 1950s and 1960s was typified by this Pittsburgh neighborhood.
• As suburbanization drew middle-class residents, investment, and jobs away from the core of older cities, those cities began to rot from the inside.
• Many working-class neighborhoods were left neglected, with few jobs, little industry, and dilapidated housing.

• Mexicans were drawn to major cities as generations of immigrants before them.
• Los Angeles, Long Beach, San Jose, El Paso, and other cities have attracted immigrants from abroad despite the urban crisis.

• Since the passage of the National Origins Act of 1924 north, many went, augmenting well-established Mexican American.
• The Cold War changed American policy slowly.

• Puerto Rico made a gesture to an important war ally.
• The Chinese Exclusion Act was repealed in 1943.
• The 1952 McCarran-Walter Act gave Puerto Ricans an unrestricted right to move to the mainland United States.
• The mechanization of east Asians ended the exclusion of Japanese, Koreans, and South.

• Mexico replaced Eastern and Southern flights between San Juan and New York City in 1924.
• The Bracero became America's first immigrants to arrive by air during Puerto Ricans War II, when the federal government introduced the program to ease wartime labor shortages.
• During the Korean War, most Puerto Ricans went to New York.

• The Mexican immigrant population continued to grow and the Puerto Rican population grew to 613,000 by 1960, forming the ethnic composition of the city.
• More Puerto Ricans now live in New York City than in San Juan.

• The third-largest group was made up of Cuban refugees, who were joined by other Mexicans from small towns and vilified by Spanish-speaking immigrants.
• In the six years after lages came to the United States, an estimated 180,000 people fled Cuba for the United States marked by the dominance of big corporations and States.
• The Cuban refugee community grew quickly.

• Miami's Cubans prospered in large part because of and family, unlike other urban migrants who turned inward.
• Postwar couples had arrived with money and middle-class skills.

• The Catholic Church shaped religious life in major American cities of the 1950s, where bilingualism flourished, and millions of women entered the workforce to join the economic mainstream.
• These Spanish-speaking postwar prosperity were not shared by everyone.
• Postwar cities were mostly white and places of last resort for the nation's poor.

• African American districts were not encountered by earlier immigrants.

• The United States entered a period of Cold War anxiety in the midst of suburban unparalleled era of prosperity, as well as smoldering contradictions of the postwar mired in the Cold War.
• The protest movements helped spur prosperity because of racial inequality.
• The economy was in the 1960s.

• Explain the significance of each term.

• You can demonstrate your understanding of the chapter's main ideas by answering these questions.

• On page 803 there is a history of suburban life from 1945-1960.

• Answer these questions to recognize the larger developments within and across the chapters.

• Take a look at the earlier chapters that discussed gender roles.
• What different family life in the late nine types of appeals does this advertisement make, and what do they suggest about family and gender roles in the early twentieth century?

• The events discussed in this chapter can be found here.

• Billy is one of the cultural figures from the 1950s.

• An introduction to postwar American society.

• You should ask yourself why this chapter begins and ends with these dates.