31.1: The Presidency of Bill Clinton

• President Clinton got off to a rocky start despite Democratic majorities in both the Chamber and the Senate.

  • He promised to end the ban on homosexuals and bisexuals in the armed forces as a candidate.

• The World Trade Organization, establishing rules on international trade, was created in 1995 by the second trade agreement

• The US economy was the longest continuous growth in modern American history between 1991 and 2001.

• Clinton had many conservative challenges to his moral conduct during his presidency.

  • Immobilize deals with him and Hillary Rodham Clinton have flown into a whitewater scandal.

31.2: Changing American Communities

• In the 1990s the population of the nation grew by 32,7 million, more than any other decade in the history of the USA.

• Race links continued to profit much less, on average, from the economic boom of the 1990s, with Africans and Latinos than non-Hispanic Whites.

• America's growing ethnic and racial diversity both society and the expansion of rights for such groups a broad and controversial sparked as women and gays

• Multiculturalism movement that has emphasized the unique characteristics and achievements of the past recent immigrants and marginal groups.

31.3: President George W. Bush and the War on Terror

• Watching late-night TV newscasters project victory for Clinton's Democratic candidate, Al Gore's vice president, and then waking up the next morning to learn that perhaps Gore was not a winner, but his Republican opponent, the Governor of Texas George W. Bush's son, Georges H. W. Bush, a former president.

• Two jetliners crashed into New York's World Trade Center towers on 11 September 2001 and a third airliner slammed into Virginia's Pentagon.

• President Bush presented a new approach to US foreign policy at a memorial service for victims.

  • 'Any nation still harboring or supporting terrorists,' he announced, 'from this day on shall the United States be considered to be a hostile regime.'

• The president's first major test of his preventive defense policy called the Bush doctrine was Iraq. Iraq was Iraq.

  • Bush himself had come to believe that a U.S. military campaign was necessary to revoke Saddam Hussein, a position that was strongly supported by Dick Cheney, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, and by Paul Wolfowitz, his deputy secretary.

• The keynotes of the Bush re-election 2004 were national security and the war against terrorism.

  • He described himself as a "wartime president" and called for patriotism and national unity as Iraq dominated the news.

• President Bush directed the FEMA to coordinate the federal support for state and local governments.

  • President Bush directed the FEMA to coordinate this action.

• The darkest shadow in Bush's last years was what was called "Bush Recession." "Bush Recession."

31.4: Barack Obama and the audacity of Hope

• On 20 January 2009 the first African American president of the country was Barack Hussein Obama.

  • Obama was born in 1961 and born in Hawaii to a Kenyan father, a white Kansan mother.

  • After completing his degree from the University of New York Columbia in 1983, he moved to Chicago to work as a community organizer among low-income residents for five years.

• Most of the final phase of the elections focused on the nation's and a large part of the world's economic crisis and helped to give Obama a boost over his Republican rival.

• While the Democrats retained a slim majority in the Senate, the Republicans have taken control of the House of Representatives and have had devastating consequences for the Obama administration.

• Democrats and Republicans prepared positions on two key issues for the coming elections: the economy and the federal deficit.