29.3 Diversity of Fungi

• In conifer forests, A. muscaria is both toxic and hallucinogenic.
• The ancient people used this fungus to make spiritual visions and reduce fear during raids.

• Figure 14.14 shows the cellular role of RNA polymerase II.

• Some experts think that some of the grains are replaced by cases.

• The one illustrated produce alkaloids related to LSD and uted to witchcraft were caused by the use of ergot in foods.

• Like animals that eat grains, the magic mushroom produces a compound similar to LSD.

• The amount of hallucinogenic fungi used to achieve psychoactive effects is dangerously close to a poisonous dose.

• The learning outcome is 1.

• We will use flagellate cells in this section.

• There are parasites in the body that can be associated with animal disease.

• The recent evi hyphae dence indicates that microsporidia may be protists.

• The members of chy trids are informally known as chytridiomycota.

• The cells of the alveolate protist Ceratium hirundinella are covered with hyphae.

• There is a structure called a sporangium.
• The bee cell has a microsporidian.

• The bee cell cytoplasm can be seen in black bread molds.
• There is a narrow white space between the cells.
• Gametangia are relatively young products of cell division.
• As the mycelium matures into the microsporidian cells, they become more dense and dark.
• These gametes are stained.

• The goal of this modeling is present, and the challenge is to make a diagram that shows how the gametes' cytoplasm's work.
• The resulting cell becomes a spo disease-causing microsporidian and contains many haploid nuclei.
• The hap develops inside the host cell.

• Figure 29.12 shows a transmission electron sexual reproduction.

• When the environment is suitable, the diploid nuclei within the zygospore can be transferred to other cells and hosts.
• Use the image and information in zygospore to draw a diagram that shows how the parasites grow.
• The haploid spores can be found in a suitable place.

• There are asexual spores in sporangia produced by hyphae.

• In the air, sporangia open.

• The resulting cell develops into a strain.

• The environment can be dispersed in the air.
• If they land on a meiosis, they will grow and produce many haploid spores.

• Sexual reproduction causes these structures to form.
• They were stained with a green dye.

• Some Mucoromycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are notable for forming mutually beneficial partner ships with land plants.

• Rather than immediately undergoing karyogamy, store remain separate for a while.
• During this time period, the gamete nuclei divide at each cell division and produce a mycelium.
• The dikaryotic myce lia remains haploid, but alternative forms of many alleles can be found in the separate nuclei.
• dikaryotic mycelia are diploid.

• The next stage of reproduction is when dikaryotic mycelia produce fruiting bodies.

• Many ascomycetes have lost plants that help the plants get water and nutrition.
• The hyphal septa with simple pores of these fungi allow them to reproduce sexually.

• Cup fungi are composed of hyphae and septa.
• Many yeasts are ascomycetes.

• Simple pores are found at the centers of the septa of ascomycetes.
• The septa of most types of basidiomycetes are more complex.

• dikaryotic hyphae can form a fruiting body during sexual reproduction.
• The dikaryotic surface cells of the fruiting body form zygotes that undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores.
• New hyphae are genetically identical to parents.

• An ascocarp is a fruiting body produced by the dikaryotic mycelium.

• There is a dikaryotic of distinct genes.

• The ascospores have 1 haploid 4 haploid nucleus per cell.

• Fruiting body.

• There is a spore asci in the air.

• The wall resulted in 8 ascospores.

• The dikaryotic mycelia of the basid genome.
• Basidiomycetes can live for hundreds of years and produce many fruit types.

• There are an estimated 30,000 basidiomycete species.

• The fairy rings of mushrooms that occur in open, grassy areas as members of this phylum by unique hyphal structures are ring or arcs of basidiomycete fruiting bodies.

• The dikaryotic mycelial mass within the kernels of the corn plants are caused by corn smut.
• basidiospores can cause problems for other corn plants.
• The fruiting bodies of basidiomycete fungi, such as this sulfur shelf fungus, are found in trees.

• Basidia produce a form of mushrooms.

• Basidium 4 haploid nuclei are diploid.