Chapter 23

The election of 1932 said, "and an equally great number toil with little return."

• The welfare state should be small and weak to protect the rights of the people.

• The early twentieth century safeguarded individual freedom and opportunity by From Reform to Stalemate, which strengthened state and federal control over large businesses and monopolies.
• The A People's Democracy 1960s increased the responsibility of the national government for the welfare of ordinary citizens.
• Their efforts didn't go away without a fight.
• Conservative critics of the New The New Deal and the Arts Deal charged that its "big government" programs were paternalistic and dangerous, The Legacies of the New Deal undermined individual responsibility and constrained personal freedom.

• The "dark realities of the moment" wore down American society before Roosevelt was elected president.
• The nation's social fabric was torn apart by rising unemployment, shuttered businesses, and failing banks.
• Many of the principles of individualism and free enterprise that had guided so much of the nation's history had to be reconsidered as the federal government's initiatives proved ineffectual.

• The spirit of the New Deal was captured in this Federal Arts Project poster.
• During the depths of the Great Depression, Roosevelt and other New Dealers hoped to get people working again, raise their spirits, and help rebuild the national infrastructure.

• Domestic and global challenges tighten their belts and work hard.
• He cut federal taxes in an attempt to boost private spending and corporate investment after the stock crash.
• "Any lack of confidence in the economic future or the strength of The American economy collapsed between 1929 and business in the United States is foolish," Hoover assured 1932.
• The country's gross domestic product fell by half in late 1929.

• Many factors caused the Great Depression, but banks closed their doors and 100,000 businesses failed.

• Corporate profits fell from $10 billion to $1 billion because of Hoover's adherence to the gold standard.

• The unemployment rate rose to 25 percent.
• Britain and people were out of work by 1933, and many who had Germany abandon the gold standard in 1931, took wage cuts.
• Their economies recovered modestly after Hoover made a souphound out of them.

• No national boundaries were respected by the depression.

• Germany preceded the United States into an inflexible money supply that discouraged investment and contraction of the economy, thus preventing growth.
• The United States would be brought to its knees by 1929 as a result of Roosevelt's World War I payments.
• By that time, Canada, Brazil, Poland, and tina were all hard hit by the crisis.
• Billions of dollars had been lost in business and bank failures.
• The economy had stopped.

• Britain's central bank was not in a position to resume its activities due to their adherence to the gold standard.

• Republicans believed in a gold standard.
• The price of gold and the amount of gold held in reserves was damaged by the high tariffs imposed by the United States and most European countries during the downturn.
• The goods designed to encourage American manufactur worked well for a few decades, but they were not very popular.
• Despite receiving a letter from more than a ciers withdrew their investments and demanded gold thousand economists urging him to veto it, Hoover payments.
• The legislation was approved by the gold standard.
• The American monetary system served it's purpose at a time when it was inflexible.
• Flexibility is required in global finance.

• Herbert Hoover's economic contraction throughout the industrialized world was caused by Hawley's retaliatory tariffs in other countries.

• President Herbert Hoover and Congress responded to the downturn by drawing on two powerful American voluntarism and high tariffs.
• He believed that the economic out of the crisis was the product of individual character.
• State and local fate was in their own hands, and success went to governments that invested in the people who deserved it.
• President Hoover's most innovative program was the What economic principles nity could right itself and recover Reconstruction Finance Corporation, which provided federal loans to railroads, banks, and other and Congress in their out relying on government assis businesses.

• Americans were asked to lend only 20 percent of the funds.

• A professor at Cambridge University in England wrote a book called The Great Depression in which he explained the significance of Franklin Roosevelt.

• The ordinary resident of London recalled life in the 1930s.

• The men with broken crash of 1929 were not ill received when the first news of the heavy snowfall was reported.
• A little money was earned by sweeping the streets.
• One of the main causes of our benefit is MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE When more men found can depression began to be appreciated, the impact on work began to change, as the extent, depth, and duration of the Ameri began to change.
• When the despised all the world became valued workers or serving helpers, Salvation came with the War.

• Others are watching us.
• Permission was granted by the publisher of the book.

• American politics was seen as immoral and dangerous.
• Why would the United States be called over confident?
• His criticisms of the U.S.

• The severity of the country's economic suffering made Americans feel that Hoover was not aggressive enough.
• Caution was the order of the day in the 1870s and 1890s as federal officials feared budget nation had come a long way since the depressions of deficits.

Hoover's insistence that recovery was always had responded to, and his willingness to break with the philosophy of limited gov popular image as a "do-nothing" president, contrast to his reluctance to break with the philosophy of limited gov popular image as a "do-nothing" president

• Hundreds of thousands of Americans were out of their homes because of the depression.
• Those with little choice had to make do with what they had.
• Hoovervilles are places where the homeless built makeshift lodging out of whatever materials were at hand.
• Presi dent Hoover's popularity plummeted as the depression deepened.

• Layoffs and wage cuts in the industrial sector failed to meet them.

• The mine owners called in the National Guard to crush the union.
• Bankrupt farmers banded together.
• Fifteen policemen were clubbed or stoned when bank agents and sheriffs tried to evict them from a photographer's house.

• In the spring of 1932 thousands of farmers joined the Farmers' Holiday Association to protest low prices for food and goods.

• Protesting agricultural prices were tragic.

• We were heroes in 1917.
• While their College and Columbia University, what did the depression leaders unsuccessfully lobby Congress for?

• The Roosevelt had evicted the marchers and burned their main camp before the War of 1898.
• His legs were permanently paralyzed when newsreel footage showed the U.S. Army.
• Hoover's popularity plummeted when he returned to public life after his wife Eleanor supported attacking and injuring veterans.
• The country has changed since New York in 1928 and again in 1930.
• Roosevelt promised vigorous action Coxey in 1894 was condemned in 1932, after Americans applauded his presidency in 1932.

• The national mood was that of votes to Hoover's 15.7 million.

• Roosevelt had the ideal of the self-made man presidency until March 1933, after he was elected in November.

• The worst winter of the depression was when Americans were out of work for a year or more.
• In three major industrial cities of Ohio, most Americans believed that 50 percent of something new had to be tried, whatever land, 60 percent in Akron, and 80 percent in Toledo.

• The Republicans were unwilling to dump private charities and public relief agencies and only nominated a fraction of the needy.
• Many state governors, including Franklin Delano Roosevelt, had to close banks temporarily to avoid further withdrawals because the New York governor was so close to collapse.

• Several states were approaching bankruptcy, their tax Roosevelt, born into a wealthy New York family, revenues were too low to pay for basic services.
• The nation had hit rock bottom by March, it was a distant cousin to former president Theodore 1933.

• Roosevelt could have done little without a sympathetic Congress.

• There were ideological differences between Herbert Hoover.
• The first months of FDR's administration were not very long.
• There was a lot of activity on Capitol Hill.
• The values of hard work, duction, the business slump, and soaring unemploy cooperation were extolled by both of them.
• Charm, political savvy, and willingness to experiment of their many abbreviations made them an "Alphabet soup" according to some.

• The emergence of a new president was seen as a kinship by most Americans.

• The weak banking system hampered the entire economy, curtailing consumer spending and Roosevelt's business investment.
• Widespread bank failures had reduced the savings of nearly nine million families, a wealthy patrician, Roosevelt was an unlikely figure and panicked account holders raced to withdraw their funds to inspire millions of ordinary Americans.
• FDR closed his political success by declaring a national "bank holiday" on March 5, 1933, the day after his inauguration.
• More than all the banks, Congress was called into special session.

• There are new roles in the inauguration.
• The American government used the new medium sufficient cash reserves well, according to the president's Treasury Department inspection.

• Thousands of citi exceeded withdrawals, restoring stability to the nation's zens felt a personal relationship with FDR.
• Roosevelt's advisor joked that capitalism was saved in gave me a job or he saved my home.

• Four thousand banks had collapsed in the Citing the national economic emergency, Roosevelt months prior to Roosevelt's inauguration; only sixty further expanded the presidential powers that Theodore one closed their doors in all of 1934.
• He relied on restored public confidence to draft legislation and policy by creating the Federal and the "Brains Trust" of Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), which insured professors from Columbia, Har vard, and other lead deposits up to $2,500.
• Roosevelt turned to his talent for $250,000.
• The act banned banks from making cabinet, which included Harold L. Ickes, secretary risky,Unsecured investments with the deposits of the interior.
• In a symbolic gesture, Roosevelt removed the U.S. from Henry A. Wallace at Agriculture.

• The intellec Treasury from the gold standard in June 1933, which attracted hundreds of highly allowed the Federal Reserve to lower interest rates, qualified recruits to Washington.
• Many of them would devote their lives to deepen the downturn, which was inspired by New Deal.
• The gold standard of saving the banks and leaving to public service led to liberalism.

• The New Deal Congress was designed to rescue the New Deal by turning to agriculture and nation's productive industries.
• There is a seeming contradiction in those sectors.
• The depression led to overproduction in some regions, but most historians agree that the measures did little to agriculture and underproduction in manufacturing.

• Both problematic trends needed to be reversed.
• The massive unemployment problem was addressed by the Roosevelt administra ernmental regulation of the farm economy.
• To solve the problem of overproduction.
• By 1933, local governments and private charities lowered prices, theAAA provided cash subsidies to have exhausted their resources and were looking to farmers who cut production of seven major commoditized Washington for assistance.
• Roosevelt asked Congress to provide products so he could avoid a budget deficit.
• Policymakers hoped that farm prices would help the millions of unemployed Americans.
• Production fell in May.

• TheAAA Administration dumped cash in farmers' hands.
• The farm economy was briefly stable.
• The hard-driving social worker from New York was not evenly distributed.
• Federal funds were used for state relief programs.

• Relief payments were put in by the New Deal to support the sharecroppers living in the same county.

• Private associations were put in six hundred industries within thirty days.
• Each 2.6 million men and women to work; at its peak in industry, the CWA provided jobs for 4 million Americans coal, cotton textiles, and steel to small businesses.
• A stopgap measure to get the country to agree on prices.
• Because through the winter of 1933-1934, the CWA expired in large companies, and the Repub lican opposition compelled them to solidify their power at the expense of smaller New Deal ers.

• Write directly to the president and his wife, Eleanor, to respond to the ordinary Americans.

• Their letters offer a vivid portrait of depression-era America that New Deal includes popular support for and opposition to.

• I believe you will try to help the people who Mrs. M. H. A. worked for in the County Court House.

• I don't know if I would be smart or better up in a different line of work but I know you are the only President that helped the Working Class of Dear Mrs. Roosevelt.

• If I am a White Man American age, 47 married wife my plea cannot be recognized because you have so many others, all of them worthy.

• My husband and I are a young couple of very simple, here in Paris Texas where thaire is 175 to 200 working and almost poor families.
• When the National Recovery Administration came, we married eight years ago, but with a lot of love.
• I was proud to see my fellow workmen built our home and furnished it well.

• We would never ask for help if it were only us, or if there was something we could do about it.

• You will understand that R. A. was an architect and built this crisis.

• Others are wondering if the people who were born in Texas are the ones who wrote the letter.

• The President had in mind that if we are this forgotten man, then we are still forgotten.

• We did what was best for our country when we supported 1936.

• A great calamity has come upon us and Indiana, and M. A H. was a widow who ran a small farm in Columbus.

• From your point of view, the work relief, old age, this pensions, slum clearance, and all the rest seems like a per befalls every man.

• We have been honorable citizens all along.
• We can't help those who will not try toney, calamity and old age has forced us to help ourselves and if they do try a square deal they should not send us to the Poor Farm.

• They are just a sample of the class of people.

• M. A., a woman who held a low-level position and whose money comes easy, had no idea that she was in a corporation.

• Call it M. A. H.

• The National Recovery Administration distributed millions of posters to businesses and families to encourage them to support the program.
• The Chinese YMCA put a poster on a shop in San Francisco that is complying with the codes.

• The home prices of 250,000 young men collapsed.
• TheCCCers were dragged down with them over the course of the 1930s.
• More than half a boys built thousands of bridges, roads, trails, and million Americans lost their homes between 1930 and 1932 as a result of state and national parks.

• Millions of Americans were faced with the prospect of losing their homes as a result of the Owners Loan Corporation.
• The largest number of Americans to retain their homes was achieved by the HOLC in just two years.

• During the Great Depression, the Civilian Corps gave hope to unemployed young men.
• The first camp opened in Virginia in July of 1933, and by the end of the decade, there were camps all over the country.
• Young men built bridges and roads and built hiking trails.
• Three billion trees were planted by the CCC by the early 1940s.

• The New Deal was under attack when the Congress adjourned in June 1933, and Roosevelt turned his attention to the reform of agriculture and industry.
• The passage of aged buying of stocks helped cause the financial crisis in a short time.
• The commission had the power to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the pub, to set rules for margin credit transactions, and to send a message to prevent the financial sector from collapsing.

• The president was given the power to appoint a new Board to promote a publicity campaign to serve the Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

• The unfettered capitalism was exposed by these measures.
• The New Deal to attack from economic conservatives emerged as a critic of liberalism after World War II.
• A man of wealth, Roosevelt alliances with conservative politicians such as Barry Goldwater and Ronald Reagan, saw himself as the salvation of American capitalism.

• Several bankers and business executives disagreed with the Supreme Court.
• FDR became a traitor to his class in May 1935.
• In contrast to interstate commerce, Herbert Hoover condemned the NRA.

• The Supreme Court thought that the New Deal had gone too far and other Americans believed it had not.
• There were public figures who were in Roosevelt and the New decades.

• Father Charles E. was a critic of the New Deal.

• Roosevelt and the Democratic Party did not go far enough in their efforts to ensure the social welfare of all citizens.

• Roosevelt was urged to nationalize the banks by the National Union for Social Justice.
• One of the most well-known religious leaders in the country was Coughlin, whose radio audience reached 30 million at the height of his popularity.
• His remarks in the early 1930s were often anti-Semitic.

• Francis Townsend was adopting parts of the programs.
• The doctor from Long Beach spoke for the Revenue Act of 1935, which proposed a substantial tax on the elderly, most of whom had no pensions and were afraid of poverty.
• The Old estate taxes were proposed in 1933.
• The Age Revolving Pension Plan, which would give $200 a month, was attacked as an attempt to "soak the rich" by the conservatives.
• FDR was sixty years old.
• The elderly would have to be satisfied to receive payments.
• He met the Share Our Wealth Society's retire and open their positions to younger workers.

• The Revenue Act was the most direct threat to Roosevelt.
• The First New Deal focused on the governor of Louisiana from 1928 to 1932, but the Second New Deal focused on Long's popularity.

How did the new thing go?

• The national term applied to the industrial democ movement was established by Deal in 1934.
• The Share Our Wealth Society says that the distribution of wealth changed the lives of millions of ordinary families.

• He thought the labor list program would carry him into the White House.

• The Recovery Act gave workers the right to hope that a split between New Dealers and populist organize unions would return the Republican Party and lead to a strike wave in 1934.

• Roosevelt was worried that the labor unions would call for new legislation that would allow Long and the Father workers to form a third employer.
• Senator Robert F was its sponsor.

• Employers could no longer use the act to suppress unions, such as firing workers for organizing.
• The National Labor The Second New Deal and the Relations Board (NLRB), a federal agency with the Redefining of Liberalism, authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining was established.

• Roosevelt and his advisors moved to the left as attacks on the New Deal increased.
• Historians have labeled the shift in policy of the Second New Deal after the creation of national old-age pension systems.

• Roosevelt criticized the "money classes" and secured a similar program in the United States.
• He countered the act by giving political power to the pension proponents.

• Many Americans did not like what they saw when they looked at their society after the depression.
• The map shows the geography of discontent, as citizens expressed their discon tent through pop ular movements.
• Radio Priest Charles Coughlin's demands for social reform were witnessed in the industrial Midwest.
• Farmers' movements in the South and Midwest engaged in strikes and dumping campaigns and rallied behind the ideas of progressives in Wisconsin.
• In California, there were strikes by farmworkers, women, and all wageworkers.
• The Old Age Revolving Pension clubs and the End Poverty in California (EPIC) movement were both started by the West.

• Social Security created a welfare state.
• The Act had three main provisions: old-age pensions for had the federal government assumed responsi workers; a joint federal-state system of compensation for the well-being of so many citizens.
• Social for unemployed workers and a program of payments Security, as old-age pensions were known, became to widowed mothers and the blind and disabled.

• He knew that the Aid to legislation program for widows and children would be controversial, so he dropped the Dependent Children program.
• The entire bill would be dooming if the ADC covered only 700,000.

• The trade unions were active in the 1930s.

• There were a number of major strikes between 1934 and 1936.
• The sit-down strikes at major automobile plants in 1936 and 1937 were important to the future of trade unions.
• The United Auto Workers became one of the strongest trade unions in American history after these strikes, in which workers stopped the assembly lines but refused to leave the factories.

• Families with dependent children enroll from reform to socialism.
• AFDC grew enormously in the 1960s and Roosevelt's first term saw an extraordinary expan remain an often maligned cornerstone of the federal state.
• Between 1933 and 1935, there was a great burst of government fare state, which was equaled in 1996 by the Clinton administration.

• Historians call Roosevelt's second term New Deal liberalism.

• FDR was not enthusiastic about market policies.
• Under the energetic direction, it is necessary to assist the needy and guarantee the basic of Harry Hopkins.
• The liberal welfare state was established in 1935 and was opposed by the inheritors of the nineteenth-century 1943.
• Although liberty and government were an extravagant operation by 1930s stan and conservatives on the other side, it reached only about one-third of the nation's can politics for the next half century.

• Roosevelt was able to join the Democratic Party as new voters joined the party.
• Many had personally benefited from a powerful coalition of organized labor, which included western farmers, white ethnic groups, and northern African people.
• Jack Reagan, Ameri cans, and middle-class families were concerned about a down-on-his-luck shoe salesman.
• He was a relief administrator for the federal government in Illinois and was a Republican when Ronald Reagan was president.
• The Democrats were a strong supporter of the New Deal.

• The New Deal was too popular for Republicans to oppose directly, so they chose the progressive governor of Kansas, Alfred M.

• Deal programs were criticized for their inefficiency and Major New Deal Legislation expense.

• The Agricultural Adjustment Act has ears.
• Roosevelt's victory in 1936 was one of the most dominant victories in American history.

• The threat of a serious third-party challenge was eliminated by the Farm Security Administration.

• The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 carried every state except Maine and Vermont.

• Hundreds of thousands of new voters were registered thanks to the Emergency Banking Act, donating money, and the Glass-Steagall Act.

• In January 1937, the president declared in his second inau Revenue Act (wealth tax) gural address that the Banking Act of 1935 nourished.

• The TVA initiatives arose in Congress and the recession undermined his economic leadership.

• The National Labor Relations Board New Deal measures were struck down by the narrow margin of 5 to 4.

• The Federal Emergency Relief Administration proposed a scheme that would have brought six new judges to the bench.

• Roosevelt's opponents protested that he was trying to pack the court.

• Congress rejected the attempt to alter the National Youth Administration's ciary to the president's advantage.

• Roosevelt won the war if he lost the battle.
• The New Deal's Impact electoral victory in the 1936 election was a factor in the Court's decision to uphold the Social Security Acts.
• The New Deal had a tremendous Supreme Court, thanks to a series of timely resignations.
• His new appointees have an impact.
• Its ideology of social-welfare funda included the liberal-leaning and generally pro-New mentally altered Americans' relationship to their gov Deal Hugo Black, Felix Frankfurter, and William O.

• New Dealers created siz conditions.

• A total of 1 million were reached from 1933 to 1937.
• The gross domestic product grew at an annual rate of 10 percent, and the federal government's deficits grew at an even faster rate.
• The unemployment rate had fallen from 25 per tion to 25 per tion and there was a surplus of almost $1 cent to 14 percent.
• In 1939 New Dealers spent $9.4 billion and declared the emergency over.

• The New Deal was more than just a budget.
• Congress figures on a balance sheet.
• 1.5 million workers were laid off because of the new cut to the WPA's funding, and the Federal Reserve was afraid of ordinary citizens.

• Recovery was halted by these measures.
• Unemployment jumped to 19 percent after the stock market dropped A People's Democracy.

• Public works projects are resumed after a patri ing.

• This spending program was improvised.
• Irish, Negro, Jewish, Italian, French and 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884

• The highs and lows of the business cycle through New Deal were captured in the song.
• Millions of ordinary people deficit spending and manipulation of interest rates believed that the nation could and should determine the money supply.
• This view was more balanced.
• Influenced by the liberal spirit of the Republicans and New Deal, Americans from all walks of life seized the Democrats in the 1930s, who disliked government opportunity to push for change in the nation's social intervention in the economy.

• Roosevelt was a reformer rather than a revolutionary and labor unions increased their numbers in order to preserve capitalism and liberal individualism during the New Deal.
• John L. Lewis declared that the era of privilege and predatory individuals was the same time as conservatives had reclaimed a measure of over.
• By the end of the decade, the number of unionized workers had tripled and the federal bureaucracy had tripled.

• A new union movement, led by the Congress of second term, a conservative coalition of southern Industrial Organizations (CIO), promoted "industrial Democrats, rural Republicans, and industrial interests unionism" -- organizing all the workers in an industry, in both parties worked to block or impede social legis from The era of change was over by 1939.

• More than half a dozen New Deal programs were devoted to building up the physical and cultural infrastructure of the country.
• The latter included roads, bridges, dams, trails, and national parks.
• Other forms of literary expression included artwork, murals, and Public Works plays.
• The New Deal's relationship to infrastructure, art, culture, and politics can be analyzed using the following documents.

• There is a sense of responsibility in Washington, but they don't understand that it's not all bad people.

• I believe that we are at the dawn of a day when the new high school has been built.
• They try to find an opportunity for a better life.
• New brick sidewalks wouldn't be there, the shade and desirable that this should be.
• If it weren't for the WPA projects, trees wouldn't be all dressed up to look at along High just to endure a purgatorial existence.

• To most in this town, and I guess it's not much different in here with hopes and dreams, and legitimate desires, than any other New England place, WPA's just a racket, that we are entitled to have satisfied to at least a reason set up to give a bunch They don't stop to think about the strain on the economy.

• The things that have happened in the Tennes material from the chapter are things that you can analyze in an essay.
• Men and organizational skills are interested in New Deal public works projects.

• The real revolution of our time is that people believe these things can be theirs.

• The Dominican and Global Challenges favored organizing workers on a craft-by-craft basis.
• In the second half of the 1930s, both federations increased their membership.

• Labor formed a long-term alliance with the Democratic Party.

• The political action committee of the CIO became a major Democratic contributor during the 1940s.
• The successes were limited.
• The labor movement didn't become the dominant force in the United States that it was in Europe, and unions didn't enroll a majority of American wageworkers.
• The Chamber of Commerce and the National Association of Manufacturers are anti-union employer groups.

• The New Deal did not directly challenge Roosevelt's image-making because he made certain to appear frequently in settings in which he mingled with the public.
• FDR women's welfare was generally enhanced by the New Deal measures, but few addressed their specific needs, as Eleanor greets two women standing beside the car.

• The first woman named to a cabinet post was the secretary of labor.
• While relatively few, female Act's employment rules set a lower minimum wage for appointees than for men performing the same jobs, and ties in government for talented women.

• The most prominent woman in American politics was female.
• Eleanor Roosevelt was the president's wife.
• Women were not allowed in the Corps.
• She worked to expand positions for women under the Works Progress Administration and at its peak in labor unions.
• 405,000 women were on the payroll.
• The majority of Americans do not advocate for women's rights.

• Descending into coal said no.
• The sentiment reflected a belief in mines to view working conditions in a way that met with women's secondary status in American economic life.

• She pushed her husband to do the nation, but more for the disadvantaged in the South.
• Even though the social and political discrimination, Mrs. Roosevelt reflected, "I sometimes acted as a Americans held the lowest-paying jobs and faced harsh spur."

• Perkins and other prominent people were inspired by the deal.

• Black involvement in the New Deal does not mean that centuries of racial subordination or child murders can be undone.
• Despite pleas from black leaders, could it change the power of the south?

• FDR was worried that southern white, black Americans would block his reforms in reprisal for the New Deal relief programs.

• The political allegiance of the south changed if lynching embodied southern lawlessness.

• The Republican Party was accused of rape by two white women in 1931, and nine young black men were a part of it.
• The women's stories contained many depression year of 1932, they overwhelmingly sup inconsistencies, but within weeks a white jury had con ported Repub lican candidates.
• In 1936, as part of victed all nine defendants, eight of them died.
• Roosevelt received 71 percent of his sentence because the African Ameri cans were overturned and the defendants were denied votes.

• The number of black people who were appointed to federal office by the Roosevelt administration, as well as the inspired solidarity within the African American community, is across.
• The intellectuals were advised by New Deal agencies by the Communist Party.
• Among the lead in publicizing the case was one of the only most important appointees, the Mary McLeod white organizations.
• He was born in South Carolina to a defense committee that raised money for slaves.

• She joined the New Deal because she thought the Agricultural Adjustment Act would help the poor African Americans.

• They had access to the White House but refused to distribute payments.
• The New Deal helped 200,000 black people.

• The New Deal limited itself by joining the Southern Tenant Farmers race.
• Roosevelt did not support black Union further because of his own racial blinders in 1934.
• The elderly black farmer reminded the white congress that they needed the votes of the white southern democrats as well.
• Many of the influential committee posts held by the owners of the land were supported by the local sheriffs.
• Most New Deal programs don't do much.

• The New Deal's democratic promise inspired a generation of African American leaders to trim their proposals.

• It was just a promise.
• Dealers wrestled with potentially fatal racial politics from the beginning.

The Act explicitly excluded the domestic and agricultural mined to maintain racial segregation and white jobs in the 1930s and 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884

• The lynching of a federal crime, which was one of the most to oppose racial discrimination, was refused to support by many Democrats in the North and Roosevelt.
• African Americans had pressing demands in the 1930s.

• In the same political party, white mobs lynched Americans.

• The 1931 trial of nine black youths accused of raping two white women became a symbol of the injustice African Americans faced in the South's legal system.
• After a three-day trial, the defendants were found guilty and eight were sentenced to death.
• Samuel Leibowitz was hired by the International Labor Defense Organization to argue the case after the Supreme Court overturned their convictions.

• Four defendants were acquitted and jail sentences were given to the rest.
• Leibowitz is in front of the other eight defendants in a 1933 photograph taken in a Decatur jail.

• There is an opportunity to reform U.S. racial laws.

• The New Deal reformers seized the oppor constitutions and democratically elected tribal coun tunity to implement their vision for the future of Native cils.
• The reorganization policy was accepted by the Indian peoples, but they preferred powerless groups and declined to be one of the nation's most disadvantaged.

• The Native earned $48 per year, and the Indian only got $48 per year.
• The unemployment rate for Indians American was three times higher than the national average.
• The plight of Native Americans won governments the attention of the progressive commissioner of the dependent nations.
• Indian people gained a measure of lever lectual and critic of past BIA practices when the latter policy was upheld by the courts.
• The rights of the native in the second half of the twentieth century were what Native Americans had known.

• The act imposed a model of self on some people.

• The Blackfoot Indian tribe had a Commissioner of Indian Affairs.
• The way the U.S. federal government treated Native Americans was reformed by Collier.
• The Indian Reorganization Act was a part of the Indian New Deal.
• The act gave Indian tribes greater control over their own affairs and ended many of the most atrocious federal practices, such as forcing Indian children into white-run boarding schools and dividing up and selling reservation land.
• The legislation's long-term results were mixed, but it signaled the beginning of greater autonomy for Indian tribes across the country.

• Another long picking season.
• The nation's largest tribe, the Navajos, rejected the rapidly growing cities along the West Coast because the government was in Los Angeles.
• The Boulder Dam project is supported by the federal government.

• Indians have a higher degree of self- determination.

• Half a million people of Mexican descent were deported by the BIA and Congress despite the fact that some tribes did benefit.
• Historians think that more than nal Indian affairs and retained financial control over 60 percent of these were legal U.S. citizens.

• By the 1920s, California had become a big business thanks to the New Deal and Roosevelt.

• Large-scale corporate People of Mexican descent, like other Americans, owned farms that produced specialty crops, such as lettuce, toma, and relief toes, which staggered in the worst years of the depression.
• Transient laborers were allowed to work during the national harvests.

• Those who worked in the nation's agricultural field, orchards, and processing plants were some of the most hard-pressed workers during the Great Depression.
• Hundreds of thousands of poor Mexican Americans and Mexican immigrants were employed by agriculture in California and other parts of the Southwest in the 1930s.
• Many workers went on strike in the early 1930s in order to get better wages and working conditions.
• Women from Mexican American communities are going to the cotton fields in California to urge workers to join a strike.
• The fierce battle between employers and workers in American agriculture was not over after the 1933 strike and continues to this day.

• The MAM, a youth-focused organization, was excluded from nonfarm jobs in California because of discrimination by the Mexican Ameri.
• Japan received new grants.

• The Chinese Americans were less prosperous than their Japanese counterparts because of their migrant farm labor system.
• Mexicans Americans who worked in professional and technical jobs joined the New Deal coalition in large numbers because of discrimination, but only 3 percent of Chinese people of Mexican descent did.

• In San Francisco, the majority of Franklin D. Roosevelt's name was associated with restaurants, laun, and firms that imported textiles and ceramics.

• Immigrants were receiving public aid.
• China had faced discrimination and few Chinese benefited from Japan.
• The repeal of the Exclusion 1913 California law prevented Chinese immigrants from owning Act in 1943.
• Japanese farmers were excluded from most federal programs because they specialized in fruit and aliens ineligible for citizenship.

• The ban on Asian immigration enacted in 1924 did not affect farm prices.
• In the United States, about 50,000 people used natural resources during the 1920s.

• Farmers fleeing the Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 were cut off from the citi during the depression.
• All Filipinos in Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Arkansas, and the United States were classified as aliens between 1930 and 1941 due to a severe dry spell.
• Fifty people were stripped from the Philippines by farmers in these areas.

• Interior Secretary Harold Ickes saw themselves as con topsoil, due to the wind erosion of the programs.

• FDR dust turned the day into night in an era before environmentalism.

• A mass exodus was caused by this ecological disaster.

• The president cared most about making the least 350,000 "Okies", who were from Oklahoma, loaded their belongings into cars water to better serve human needs.
• There was national policy and trucks going to California.
• Preserving wildlife and wilderness was important to Dorothea Lange.
• The federal government's images of Cali fornia migrant camps made them respond to environmental crises and the public face of depression.

• The Department of Agriculture helped establish sound farming practices in the plains.

• The TVA was funded by Congress in 1933. cheap electric power for homes and factories, as well as ample recreational opportunities for the valley's residents, was provided by the dams and their hydroelectric plants.
• The project was praised around the world.

• The TVA was part of the Roosevelt administration's effort to keep farmers on the land.
• Only a small percentage of the nation's 6.8 million farms had electricity.
• The REA promoted nonprofits that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
• Electric irons, vacuum cleaners, and washing ment for the Resettlement Administration were only some of the things that Lange spent.

• The image she captured was of the entire family.
• Along with the woman whose despair and resignation she so powerfully automobile and the movies, electricity broke down.
• Florence barriers were identified in the 70s as being between urban and rural life.

• Thompson, a native Cherokee from Oklahoma, disagreed with the recollections of the photographer.
• The West benefited from large relief effort directed at the camp's migrant workers after the publication of this image.

• With the largest number of state and federal parks in the country, the West gained countless trails, bridges, cabins, and other recreational facilities, laying Roosevelt and Ickes the groundwork for the post-World War II expansion of poor people.
• On the Colorado River, Boulder government agencies tackled the dust bowl's human Dam.
• The Public Works Administration funds created the Soil Conserva 1935, which taught farmers to till hillsides along the Las Vegas, Los Angeles, and Phoenix areas to prevent soil erosion.

• In an obscure corner of Washington State, shape farmers took commercial crops out of favor and planted soil-preserving grasses.
• The Grand of the U.S. Forest Service's pro Coulee Dam was built by the Bureau of Reclamation.
• In 1941, 220 million trees were planted in the Shelterbelts, and Grand Coulee was the largest tree along the 99th meridian from Texas to the Canadian border.
• The trees prevented soil erosion and provided irrigation for the state's major windbreak.

• Folk singer Woody Guthrie wrote a song about leading painters, muralists and sculptors.

• All of them received support.
• 15,000 musicians and 5,000 writers can be seen today thanks to the Federal Writers' Project and the Federal Music New Deal.
• The Blue Ridge Parkway is named after the Cheever, who became a great American writer.
• The Great FWP has a collection of oral histories, including two national parks in North Carolina.
• As monuments to the New Deal ethos of recreation and playwrights, the Federal Theatre ters, picnic areas, lodges, and observation towers stand as monuments to the New Deal ethos of recreation and playwrights.

• In response to the Great Depression, many American The New Deal addressed the Great Depression by writers and artists.

• More than one-third of the popu nity, not just the cultured elite, were encouraged to pay taxes directly to the Social Security projects during the 1930s because of the New Deal.
• The New Deal slogan "Art for the millions" encouraged artists federal programs, including old-age pensions, unem painted murals in hundreds of public buildings.
• Many young mortgage guarantees were given work by the ployment compensation, farm loans, relief work, and the Federal Art Project.

• Boulder Dam and Grand Coulee are two of the most majestic dams constructed under the auspices of various New Deal programs.
• As the Columbia River rushed to the Pacific, Grand Coulee was built to provide electric power to Seattle, Portland, and other West Coast cities, as well as new irrigation waters for Washington's apple and cherry orchards.

• The "Great Society" Congress dramatically expanded the landscape in the 1960s, thanks to Lyndon Johnson.
• Most of the Republican Party's social-welfare programs remained intact from 1896 to 1932.

• Millions of voters were brought to the New Deal because of its innovative programs, but it was also criticized by those who thought it was a part of the Democratic Party.
• Those who believed it did too first- and second- generation immigrants from the south did too much.
• Conservatives who prioritized limited govern and central Europe, Italians, Poles, Slovaks, and Jews, pointed out that as well as African American migrants to northern cities.

• The New Deal state intruded deeply into the personal and Organized labor aligned itself with the Democratic financial lives of citizens and the administration that had recognized unions as a legiti affairs of business.

• The New Deal's alism complained that the New wise supported FDR.

• Deal's safety net had too many groups, city dwellers, organized labor, African Ameri holes, and a cross section of the middle class.

• The party's coalition of ethnic workers, African Americans, farmers, parts of the middle classes, and First white southerners gave FDR and other Democrats a New Deal focused on stimulating recovery, providing landslide victory in 1936.

• The Second New Deal was not the same as the first one.

• The New Deal programs resolved the Influenced by the depression and the banking crisis while preserving capitalist institutions.

• The impact of the New Deal on federal policies that were important to many groups of citizens was explored.
• The survey was sponsored by the Tennessee Valley Authority and paid attention to the lives of the Mexicans, Asians, and Okies who worked in the farms and factories of the Rural Electrification Administration permanently California.
• The New Deal helped improve the quality of life for the nation's citizens.

• Explain the significance of each term.

• You can demonstrate your understanding of the chapter's main ideas by answering these questions.

• Review the evolution of progressive reforms from earlier in the century.
• It was argued that it represented ideas, beliefs, and culture on the theme of a revolution in social values and government.
• What did the New tutions do?

• Answer these questions to recognize the larger developments within and across the chapters.

• The view of the New Deal as a set of government programs famous Dorothea Lange photograph of Florence and policies enacted by President Roosevelt and Thompson is one of two images.
• The Grand Coulee Dam is the source of change in this version.
• There is evidence of ordinary 762.

• The events discussed in this chapter can be found here.

• The life and surrounding of FDR's expansion of the state is shown.

• The first New Deal Network contains an excellent overview of the depression and the government-commissioned art of a New Deal.

• You should ask yourself why this chapter begins and ends with these dates.

• Between 1934 and 1937, there were two critical turning points for the New Deal.