ChAPTER 32 Russia and Japan: Industrialization

• In 1899, he said it when he compared the two.

• The relationship between education and other aspects of Japanese development is shown in the latest in naval technology.

• According to Fukuzawa, the problem in Japanese education was Confucianism.
• He believed that the Confucian tradition valued science and mathematics more than other traditions.

• Conservatives in Japan were offended by this enthusiasm for Western education.

• Fukuzawa, a member of the elite and family friend of the conservatives, was sensitive to their criticism.
• He worried that he wasn't being faithful to the memory of his parents, who were Confucianists.
• At a young age, he jumped into Western studies and didn't know much about Confucianism.

• Fukuzawa's dilemma was a common one for reformers, trying to prompt real change in a Western direction without offending traditionalists and without wanting to become fully Western.
• Fukuzawa was bent but didn't break in his zeal.

• The chapter deals with two nations that were not part of the Western domination of the 19th century.
• Russia and Japan launched significant programs of industrialization and made other changes to strengthen their political and social systems by 1900.
• Russia and Japan were different from China and the Middle East in the 19th century.
• Before the 1960s, theirs was the only society outside the West to begin a wholesale process of industrialization.
• Russia enhanced its power in world affairs, while Japan pulled away from other Asian societies.

• During the West's century of power, Russia and Japan were able to maintain economic and political independence because of their similarities.
• Japan from China, Russia from Byzantium and then the West were all examples of imitation.
• They knew that learning from outsiders could be profitable.
• The Tokugawa shogunate and the tsarist empire improved their political effectiveness during the 17th and 18th centuries.
• Both nations could use the state to sponsor changes that had rested in part with private businesses.
• Change took different directions in each society.
• Russia's road to industrialization was marked by political oppression and harsh conditions for workers that undermined social stability.

• Japan's long experience with cultural adaptation in the face of change helped it manage the transition from a feudal to an industrial society.
• The growing roles of global capitalism and the new forms of integration of capital and labor are illustrated by Industrialization outside the West.

• The Russian rulers sought ways to protect their country from the effects of the French Revolution, which began in 1861.
• The idea that Western policies might help the serfs.
• The 1812 invasion of Russia by Napoleon led to a new concern.
• The move toward renewed isolation was supported by conservative intellectuals.

• The system of serfdom provided ignorant peasants with the guidance and protection of paternalistic masters.

• Russia before reform was the Dawn of the Industrial Age.
• In order to resist Napoleon's pressure, the government introduced some improvements to bureaucratic training.
• Russia, Prussia, and Austria would join forces to defend the established order.
• Although the alliance itself accomplished little, the idea of Russia as a bastion of sanity in a Europe gone mad was appealing.

• Some important new tensions were produced by defending the status quo.
• Intellectuals were fascinated with Western progress.

• Western cultural styles were the focus of others.
• Russia began to contribute to Europe's cultural output in the 19th century.
• The poet Pushkin, descended from an African slave, used romantic styles to celebrate the beauty of the Russian soul and the tragic dignity of the common people.
• The romantic style took root in eastern Europe because of its compatibility with folklore and a sense of nationalism.
• Russian musical composers would use folk themes and sentimentality in their compositions.

• Russia's ruling elite continued to welcome Western artistic styles and took great pride in Russia's growing cultural respectability, but they began to censor intellectuals who tried to offend liberal or radical political values.
• The new tsar, Nicholas I, is still more adamant in his conservatism.
• The political uprising, urging reform of tsarist autocracy, showed that liberal values had spread to elements of revolt in Russia, but its failure was more significant.
• Middle-level army officers were stiffened by the suppression of political opponents.
• Newspapers and schools were put down by tightly supervised reforms.
• There was a lot of political criticism in exile.

• The wave of revolutions that spread through Europe in 1830 and in 1848 were largely avoided by Russia.
• In 1849, Russia helped Austria put down the nationalist revolution in Hungary, which was a blow to the monarchy.

• Russia maintained its tradition of territorial expansion despite turning more conservative than it had been in the 18th century.
• After Napoleon sponsored a separate Polish duchy, Russia confirmed its hold over most of Poland at the Congress of Vienna in 1816.
• Nationalist sentiment, inspired by the growth of romantic nationalism in Poland and backed by many Polish landowners with ties to western Europe, roused recurrent Polish opposition to Russian rule.
• The news of the revolutions in the West triggered an uprising led by liberals and Catholics who were upset with the rule of the Orthodox power.
• Many leaders were driven into exile after Nicholas put down the revolt.

• The Ottoman empire's weakness attracted the attention of Russia.
• Territorial gains were made during the war in the 1830s.
• In order to counter Russian aggression, France and Britain tried to prop up Ottoman authority.
• Russia's desire to cut back the Turks outweighs its commitment to conservatism, as evidenced by the Greek independence war in the 1820s.
• Russia was a dynamic diplomatic and military force during the early 19th century.

• The beginnings of The Books of the Polish Nation industrialization, including some rail lines, were introduced by excerpts from ized and central European powers such as Prussia and Austria.

• Russian landlords took advantage of Western markets for grain, but they increased their exports not by improving their techniques, but by increasing their labor obligations.
• In the early 19th century, labor service was increased by Polish and Hungarian nobles in order to get a foothold in the export market.

• The main conflicts were with the Ottoman empire.

• A few isolated factories that used foreign equipment were opened up in imitation of western European industrialization, but there was no significant change in overall manufacturing or transportation mechanisms.
• Russia was a profoundly agricultural society, but it was also a stagnant society.

• Between 1854 and 1856, the gap between Russia and the West was driven home by a small war.
• France and Britain were not content with diplomatic maneu 1854 and 1856, they came directly to the sultan's aid.
• Britain was trying to attack the Ottoman empire and was worried about a great power advance in the region that might threaten its hold on India, whereas Russia was against Britain and was worried about a great power advance in the region.

• The Western powers won this little war because of their industrial advantage, not because of great tactics or inspired principles.
• They had the ships to send huge quantities of military supplies long distances, and their weapons were superior to Russia's home-produced models.
• The blow to the regime that prided itself on military prowess was frightening.

• Russia's leading social issue was War Recalled resolution of serfdom, the issue that most distinguished Russian society from that of the West.
• If the status of serfs changed, Russia could develop a more vigorous and mobile labor force and be able to industrialize.
• Russian concern about this issue mirrored the attacks on slavery in the Americas, reflecting a desire to meet Western humanitar ian standards and a need for cheap, flexible labor.

• Alexander II ended rigorous serfdom in order to protect distinctive Russian institutions, including the landed aristocracy and tightly knit peasant communities.
• The result was an important series of political rights; were required to stay changes that created more grievances than they resolved while opening the way to in villages until they could repay further economic change.

• The United States and Brazil decided to free slaves at the same time that the final decision was made to emancipate the serfs.

• The serfs got most of the land despite the fact that they were slaves.
• The tsar was not interested in destroying the nobility, who were his most reliable political allies and the source of most bureaucrats.
• The tight grip of the tsarist state was intended to be retained.
• The serfs did not get any new political rights.
• They had to pay for the land they were given before they could leave their villages.
• The money from the redemption was used to help the class.
• Peasants thought that the land belonged to them without having to pay for it's return.

• The creation of a larger urban labor force was made possible by the abolition of slavery.
• Most peasants continued to use traditional methods on their small plots because it did not spur a revolution in agricultural productivity.

• It didn't bring contentment.
• As hopes for a brighter future seemed to be dashed by the limits of change, peasant uprisings became more common.
• Russia's rural unrest was furthered by substantial popu lation growth as some of the factors that had earlier swelled the West's population now spread to Russia, including increased use of the potato.
• Russia was a classic example of a society in the midst of rapid change where reform did not go far enough to satisfy key protest groups.

• The reform movement did not end with freedom.
• Further measures were introduced in the 1860s and early 1870s by Alex ander II.

• The new law codes of the 19th century cut back on punishments for serfs because they were poor.

• Local government was needed now that nobles no longer ruled the peasantry.
• The zemstvoes gave some Russians, particularly middle-class people such as doctors and lawyers, new political experience, and they undertook important middle-class professionals, some inquiries into local problems.
• The tsar experience in government, as well as the council's insistence on maintaining his own authority, made no difference to national policy.
• There was no impact on national policy.

• A new organization of essential services improved the officer corps.
• Many peasants served in the military and learned new skills.
• State-sponsored basic education was provided, although schools spread differently.

• In Russian society, literacy increased rapidly from the reform era onward.
• There are similarities between the mass reading culture in the West and a new market for popular reading matter.
• Russian potboiler novels have a pronounced taste for excitement and exotic adventure.
• Russian "bad guys" were either returned to social loyalty or condemned, a sign of the limits to individualism.
• The climate of change has led to new positions being gained by women.
• As in the West, a minority of women from the upper classes began to enter professions such as medicine, and some won access to higher education.
• Sexual habits began to change in the West a century earlier.
• Sex activity before marriage increased, and nonagricultural jobs were available, loosened fathers' control over their children's behavior.

• The move toward industrialization was part of the larger process of change.
• Russia lacked a middle class and capital to support state support.
• The tradition of economic activity that went back to Peter the Great required state enterprises to make up part of the gap.

• Russia began to build a railroad network in the 1870s.
• Expansion of Russia's iron and coal sectors was stimulated by the railroad boom.
• The export of grain to the West, which earned foreign currency needed to pay for advanced Western goods, brought Russia into a more active machinery.
• Siberia was opened up to new development by the railroads.

• The workers of enforcement in bastmatting factories were minimal.
• All ages sleep together on mats and pieces of bast which are often damp.
• The sick workers who dutifully reported on their work are allowed to sleep on the single stove.
• Work at the mill conditions were ignored.
• The owing pas never stops.
• There are two twelve-hour shifts a day in Moscow.

• There are no special quarters for breakfast or dinner in most factories.

• This applies to workers in paper, wool, and silk.
• Most of the flax-spinning mills where linen is produced have skilled hand craftsmen who make brocade weavers.

• Only in a few weaving factories are combing machines covered and there are special sleeping quarters for other workers.

• The scutching apparatus is where the velveteen cutters work, and they almost always sleep on the tables.
• This habit is not good for you.

• The sizes of fines are not fixed in advance.

• A brief description of a few of the fines and the determination of the worker's wages was in factory No.
• 172 is an example of extreme variety.
• New fines were posted to factories in Podolsk on October 24, 1877.
• There is a ten-ruble forfeiture for leaving the factory before the contract ends, which can be set at the discretion of the office.
• There was a failure to maintain silence.
• This covers more than just voluntary breeches of con, it also covers minor fines prescribed for certain offenses, such as tract on the worker's part.
• On August 4, 1883, a huge fine of five rubles was set for anyone who had to leave the factory.
• People who have had to pay this fine three times are known to have cases for singing in the factory courtyard after 9:30.
• On June 3, 1881, a fine was to be levied for so many causes that falling under a severe from workers who took tea and sugar, bread, or any kind of fine is a constant possibility for each worker.
• The fine was to be one ruble on May 14, 1880.
• Walls in the dyeing or weaving buildings would be left behind if anyone wrote with pencil, chalk, or anything else after a second offense.

• The workers are still treated as serfs.

How did working conditions and management attitudes help the workers?

• Russia's railroad network had almost quintupled since 1860, and by the turn of the century, modern factories were beginning to spring up in Moscow, St. Petersburg, and several Polish cities.
• The skilled artisanry in the cities was expanded by printing factories and metalworking shops, while metallurgy and textile plants recruited a newer semi skilled industrial labor force from the troubled countryside.

• The inflow of foreign capital is.
• Half of the Russian industry was foreign owned and most of it was foreign operated.

• British, German, and French industrialists are leading.
• Russia became a debtor nation because of huge industrial development loans.
• Russia was ranked fourth in the world in steel production and second in the world in refining, behind the United States.
• Russian textile output was very good.
• Russian economic lags were starting to yield.

• The industrial revolution was still in its infancy.
• Russia's world rank was more of a function of its size and population than of mechanization.

• Russian factories were not up to Western standards, and the labor force was not highly trained.
• Peasants, often uneducated, had neither capital nor motives to change their ways.

• Other reforms produced ambiguous results.
• Russia was a traditional peasant society.
• Discipline and military efficiency were not up to par.
• The absence of a large, self-confident middle class was obvious.
• They were not as assertive as their Western counterparts.

• Alexander II's reforms, as well as economic change and the greater population mobility it involved, encouraged minority nationalities to make demands of the great empire.
• Intellectuals looked at the cultural traditions of Ukrainians.
• Nationalist beliefs were imported from western Europe, but here and elsewhere in eastern Europe, they encouraged divisive minority beliefs that multinational states, such as Russia and Austria-Hungary, found very hard to handle.

• Nationalist pressures were not the main problem in Russia, but they did cause concern because of Russia's insistence on the distinctive superiorities of a Russian tradition.

• Social protest was heightened by industrialization and the limitations of reform.
• The peasant uprisings were caused by recurrent famines.
• Peasants burned the records that indicated what they owed and deeply resented redemption payments.

• Many educated Russians clamored for revolutionary change, along with the rest of the population.
• Two strands were developed.
• Many business and professional people argued for liberal reforms such as greater freedom in the schools and the press, even though they were not very aggressive.
• A Russian term for articulate intellectuals became more active.

• Russian universities expanded, student groups grew, and many were impatient with Russia's articulate intellectuals as a class, slow development, and visible restrictions on political activity.
• Some 19th-century group of women students were bent on radical role in the protest current, and some of their demands were feminist.

• Intellectuals toned down their goals as they entered the bureaucracy.

• Some of the principles that had roused intellectuals in the West went deeper in Russia.
• It was the first example of a kind of intellectual radicalism, capable of motivating terrorism, that would be seen in other societies during the 20th century.
• The Russian intelligentsia wanted political freedom and deep social reform while maintaining a Russian culture that was different from the West.
• The task they set themselves was to build a new society that would not reproduce the injustices and limitations of the Western world.

• Although abolition of all formal government was not new in the West, it took on particular force in Russia in opposition to tsar formed in many parts of europe.
• In the late 19th and early 20th century, a host of upper-class radicals fanned out to teach the peasantry the beauty of political 20th century activism, as early as the 1860s.
• Failure here led to the formation of the first russia, opposing tsarist autocracy large terrorist movement in the modern world.
• assassinations and bombings were the only way to attack the existing order because of the lack of popular support.
• General destruction was the only real goal of the anarchist leader.
• Alexander hoped for a peasant revolution.

• There was no way to plan what would come next after tearing down the current framework.

• The tsarist regime's resolve to avoid further political change was strengthened by the recurrent waves of terrorism.

• Alexander II was worried that change was getting out of hand and was pulling back from reform.
• Many dissidents were sent to Siberia after they were arrested for protesting.
• Alexander II was assassinated by a terrorist bomb after a series of failed attempts.
• His successors continued to oppose further political reform while increasing the effort to industrialize.
• To gain the support of upper-class conserva tives, new measures of oppression were directed against minority nationalities.
• The groups were watched carefully.
• People such as Ukrainians were forced to learn the Russian language.
• There were many pogroms and seizures of property as a result of the increased persecution of the large Jewish minority.
• Many Russian Jews left the country.

• The currents of protest gained strength in the 1890s.
• A segment of the Russian intelligentsia became committed to a proletarian revolution because of Marxist doctrine.
• The brother of a bureaucratic family was hanged after being arrested by the political police and introduced important innovations in Marxist Better known as lenin.
• He argued that because of the spread of international russian marxist leader, the world was developing in advance of industrialization.
• Russia could have a proletarian revolution without going through a middle-class phase.
• The leader of the Bolsheviks insisted on the importance of disciplined revolutionary cells that could maintain purity in 1917.

• The approach was ideal for the Russian party.

• Russian was far more radical than their Western counterparts.
• Many of them had political goals in mind when they formed unions and con concept of social revolution.
• The lack of legal political outlets contributed to the radicalism of a minority in the Russian marxist.
• The political scheme was born from rural unrest until its triumph in the 1917 revolution.

• Many workers were not linked to any particular doctrine, but some became interested in Bolshevism and were urged on by passionate organizers.

• Russian society may have made revolution inevitable by 1900.

• The Conditions of Women in the regime were against compromise.

• 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Russia maintained its expansionist foreign policy through the late 19th century because of tradition and because of diplo matic success.
• The imperialist strides of the Western great powers were also wanted by it.
• The gains from the war with the Ottoman empire were pushed back by France and Britain.
• The creation of the Balkans of new Slavic nations, such as Serbia and Bulgaria, was aided by Russia.
• Some conservative writers talked about a pan-Slavic movement that would unite the Slavic people under Russian leadership.
• Rus sia was active in other parts of the world.
• The war between Japan and Russia in the 20th century resulted in uneasy truces that divided the spheres over territory in Afghanistan and Persia.
• Russia was active in China.
• Russia was encouraged to incorporate some northern portions of Manchuria because of the 18th-century Amur River agreement.
• Russia joined the Western powers in obtaining long-term power, while Japan annexed Korea in 1910.

• Russia risked an overextension of the War: Imperial Rescript because it did not have real increases in mili tary power.
• In 1904, the problem came to a head.

• The Japanese won against all expectations.

• The Russian Revolution of 1905 was caused by the loss of war and massive protests on the home treaty of peace.

• Land can be bought and sold more freely.

• The Japanese territorial peasants became rural capitalists.

• Major battles increase agricultural production.

• The package came unglued.
• The russo-Japanese war stripped the Duma of its power.
• Nicholas II was weak and focused on disputes over Chinese territory.
• After its victory over China, Japan had acquired the was badly advised, could not surrender the tradition of autocratic rule, and the liaodong peninsula became a hollow institution.
• Police oppression forced it out and then moved to their own territory.
• New opponents to the regime were created by Japan.

• The Japanese advance pressed in the diplomatic arena yet eager to and so attacked the russian fleet at Port Arthur, and later won over counter internal pressures with some foreign policy success, the Russian gov russian armies in China as well.
• Tsushima Strait ended the war when a fleet from the Baltic was humiliated.

• Various strategies to get new rights of access to the Mediterranean and to back Slavic al ies in the Balkans yielded no concrete results, but they did stir the pot in this vulnerable area and helped lead to World War I.

• The diplomatic influence of their giant neighbor was not introduced by the russian interior.
• Most of the new nations established parliaments that were careful to restrict voting rights and powers.

• After Russia's move, most eastern European nations tried to create abolished serfdom, but landlord power remained more market oriented.

• In the late 19th century, eastern Europe enjoyed a period of cultural productivity in the increase of agricultural production, with Russia in the lead.
• The romantic tradition and other Western activities have led to the purchase of additional land.

• The women were marching in the revolution.

• A period of unprecedented bril iance was enjoyed by the Russian novel.
• Westernizers such as Turgenev wrote realistic novels that promoted what they saw as modern values, whereas writers such as Dostoevsky tried to portray a Russian spirit.
• Russian music was more innovative and atonal in the early 20th century.
• The work of Polish and Hungarian composers made a mark.
• Russian painters began making abstract work.
• Scientific research advanced at levels of importance.

• Ivan Pavlov, a Russian scientist, explained unconscious responses in human beings by experimenting on conditioned reflexes.
• The cultural world it shared with the West was more fully participated in by Eastern Europe.

• During the first half of the 19th century, Japan experienced little change compared to the earlier establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate with significant reform.

• During the first half of the 19th century, the shogunate continued to combine a central bureau cracy with semifeudal alliances between the regional lords, the daimyo, and the military samurai.

• There were financial problems for the government.
• Despite the growing commercialization of the Japanese economy, its taxes were based on agriculture.
• The feudal shell was expensive to maintain.
• The samurai received stipends from the government in return for their loyalty.
• A long budget reform spurt late in the 18th century built a successful momentum, but a shorter effort between 1841 and 1843 was unsuccessful.
• The shogunate's response to the crisis was hampered by this.

• Under the Tokugawa regime, Japanese intellectual life and culture developed.

• Confucianism was gaining on Buddhism among the ruling elite.
• The upper classes in Japan became more secular.
• It precluded a strong religious-based resistance to change, which was an important precondition for the nation's response to the Western challenge.
• Confucian schools debated into the 19th century, keeping Japanese intellectual life interesting.
• More than 40 percent of al men and over 15 percent of al women Shogunate in Japan to teach were literate, a far higher percentage than anywhere else in the world.

• In Russia, the literacy rate was approaching 40 percent, as in the same decades.

• The Shinto religion and the office of emperor were praised by a national studies group.
• In the 18th century, a national studies writer said that the native land of the Heaven-Shining Goddess was the Imperial Land.
• The influence of the national studies school grew in the early 19th century, and it would help inspire ultrana tionalist sentiment at the end of the century and beyond.

• The knowledge of Dutch was kept alive by the Japanese.
• A group of Japanese scholars who were interested in freer exchange with West, based on Dutch medicine, created a new interest in Western scientific advances after the ban on Western books was ended in 1720.
• There were schools in Japan in the 19th century.

• The students of Dutch Studies in major cities urged freer exchange with the West and a rejec tion of Chinese medicine and culture.
• Our opinion was that the Chinese should not be involved in our country's affairs.

• The Japanese economy continued to develop into the 19th century because of the lively debate and fruitful internal ten sion that Japanese culture showed.
• Big merchant companies established monopoly privileges in many centers.
• Soy sauce and silks were some of the consumer goods industries that gained ground in the countryside.
• Some of these developments were similar to earlier changes in the West and have given rise to the argument that Japan had a good start on industrialization after the Western challenge.

• By the 1850s, economic growth had slowed, prompting some to stress Japan's backwardness compared with the West.
• Cultural expansion and population increase were constrained by technological limitations.
• Rural riots increased from the late 18th century onward.
• Like many rural protests, they were aimed at wealthy peasants, merchants, and landlord controls.
• The protests contributed to a willingness to consider change when challenged from the outside.

• Japanese had become more worried about potential outside threats.
• The book advocated a strong navy.
• The American commodore who visited edo Bay Asian expansion fed these concerns.
• The United States launched for Japan the same kind of pressure the Opium War brought to China, because of the increased military superiority of the West and its insistence on Japan.

• In 1856, two ports were opened to commerce after a formal treaty was signed between the US and Japan.

• Westerners living in Japan of American Naval Technology would be governed by their own representatives, not by Japanese law.

• Japan's ability to change in response to new Western energy left little capital for other economic activity, unlike the sluggishness of Chinese tives.
• Japan's population stability into the 19th century pushed reactions into the 20th century.
• The resources are drawn less severely by the contrast.
• China and Japan were both sensitive to Western naval pressures and Japan's island status made the nation more attention.

• Japan benefited by the mid-19th century.
• China was suffering from a decline.

• There was a link between Chinese and Japanese popular unrest.
• Traditions should not be exaggerated, a cycle of renewal might have followed, and earlier with a new dynasty seizing more vigorous reins.
• Western ferences help explain the divergence that opened so clearly in the interference that disrupted this process.
• Japan overthrew the imperial office as the east Asian world split apart.

• Using foreign Japan's isolation was more complete than a breakdown of authority.
• Both countries were behind advisors more than once.

• Every reason why Western industrialization caught them unprepared was established by a different pattern of response.
• The gap was increased by China's decade.
• Western exploitation of Chinese assets power and wealth roused Western greed and interference first, and the dilution of government power made conditions more chaotic, which gave Japan some flexibility.

• The two nations aided each other in reacting to the Western challenge.
• For the first time, its leadership with Japan was more secular and devoted to Confucianism.
• Industrial success and bureaucratic success were enjoyed by Japan.
• After World War II, there was no need to brush aside the fact that there was a conservative state that would give way to an erworldly commitment or feudal distraction to deal with the more fully parliamentary form.
• The 20th-century political solution was communism.

• At the beginning of the 21st century, it is not clear if the tradition of technological innovation and scientific discovery east Asia had been split as permanently as 19th- and early 20th-century.
• Japan leads the Asian world in responding to the West.

• China's economy is growing.
• The role of common cultural habits fell to Japan.
• There are aspects of Japanese group cooperation that remind us of the flexibility that China lacked.
• It already knew the different political systems, a fruitful shared heritage continues to benefits of imitation, which China saves for its period of attraction.
• The heritage is different from that of the West, but Buddhism has never been acknowledged.
• A stronger, more autonomously minded mer began to wonder if a Pacific century is about to dawn.

• The bureaucrats of the shogunate saw no alternative but to open up Japan.
• As the Dutch schools began to expand, there were Japanese who were impatient with strict isolation.
• The daimyo were opposed to the new concessions and the shogun had to appeal to the emperor for support.
• The emperor began to emerge from his centuries-long confinement as a largely religious and ceremonial figure.
• The samurai were more divided than daimyo were.
• The possibility of ousting the shogunate was seen by some.
• The shogunate system depended on the isolation policy and it could not survive the stresses of foreign influence and internal reactions.
• Japanese life went on as usual into the late 1850s despite the result being 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299

• There was a political crisis in the 1860s.
• The crisis was spiced by samurai attacks on foreigners and Western naval bombardments of feudal forts.
• The samurai armed themselves with American Civil War surplus weapons, causing Japan's aristocracy to come to terms with the advantages of Western weaponry.
• Many Japanese were shocked when the samurai defeated the shogunate force.
• The nation, compared with the West and its technology, science, and humane laws, was only half civilized according to one author.

• The troops of the shogunate were put down by key samurai leaders.
• The changes in Japan's basic political structure that took place during the crisis period were much deeper than those that took place in Russia.

• The Meiji rulers were drawn from loyal segments of the aristocracy to expand the power of the state to effect economic and social change.

• The Japanese government quickly sent samurai officials to western Europe and the United States to study economic and political institutions.
• The samurai were so impressed by what they saw that they changed their stance from anti-foreign to pro-foreign.
• A careful diplomatic policy would avoid antagonizing the West, which was their basic goal.

• Government finance soon improved.
• The Meiji ministers introduced a social revolution.
• The samurai class and their stipends were abolished.
• The tax on agriculture was converted to a money tax.

• The samurai were compensated by government-backed bonds, but they lost value and became poor.
• The final samurai uprising occurred in 1877.
• The nation was secured by the introduction of an army based on national conscription.
• As they adapted to change, individual samurai found new opportunities.
• Iwasaki Yataro, a former samurai who started his career buying weapons for a feudal lord, set up theMitsubishi Company after 1868, winning government contracts for railroad and steamship lines designed to compete with British companies in the region.
• By his death, Iwasaki had a stake in shipbuilding, mining, and banking, as well as transportation, despite his domineering personality.
• Japan's lack of revolution would yield different results in later Japanese history.

• The process of political reconstruction ended in the late 1800s.
• The former samurai organized political parties.
• Meiji leaders traveled to discover new political forms.
• They created a new nobility in 1884 that was stocked with former nobles and Meiji leaders.
• Civil service exams were used to open talent in The Dawn of the Industrial Age.
• The bureaucracy grew from 29,000 officials in 1890 to 72,000 in 1908.
• The institution and its members' clothing were Western as part of the visual constitution of 1889.
• The Diet could pass laws, reforms, and approve budgets, but failure to pass a budget would cause the previous year's budget to be restored.

• The conservative tone should not be controlled.

• Only 5 percent of Japanese men have enough money to vote for their representatives in the lower house.

• Japan's political structure came to involve centralized imperial rule, wielded by a handful of Meiji advisors, and limited representative institutions copied from the West.
• The emperor was influenced by a group of wealthy business people and former nobles who pulled strings within the parliament.
• A coherent system overrode the divisions of political parties in the 20th century.
• Japan followed the new policy of the West, but it retained its own identity.
• After Alexander II's reforms, the Japanese political solution compared to Russian institutions.
• Japan incorporated business leaders into its governing structure, whereas Russia defended a more traditional social elite.

• After the crisis of the 1860s, political decisions were needed, but they were matched by other initiatives.
• The new army was further improved by formal officer training and byUpgrading armaments according to Western standards.
• The navy was established with the help of Western advisers.

• Creating the conditions necessary for industrialization was the focus of attention.
• Growing trade was funded by new govern ment banks.
• State-built railroads spread across the country, and the islands were connected by rapid steamers.
• The people of the growing cities were fed by the new methods.

• The economic structure depended on the destruction of older restrictions.
• The abolition of guilds and internal road tariffs created a national market.
• Land reform created clear individual ownership for many farmers, which helped motivate expansion of production and the introduction of new equipment.

• The creation of transportation net works and state operation of mines, shipyards, and metallurgical plants were dominated by the government initiative.
• The state direction seemed to be dictated by the capital and unfamiliarity of new technology in Russia at the same time.
• Government control helped check the many foreign advisors needed by the early Japanese industry, which DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch The Ministry of Industry was established in 1870 and quickly became one of the key government agencies, setting overall economic policy as well as operating specific sectors.
• Model shipyards, arsenals, and factories provided experience in new technology and disciplined work systems for many Japanese.

• By expanding technical training and education, setting up banks and post offices, and regularizing commercial laws, the government provided a structure in which Japan could develop.
• Tokyo Imperial University had a faculty of agriculture, which was well before any European university.

• Japan's growing economy was aided by private enterprise, particularly in the textile sector.
• Some of the great houses had been ruined by the financial destruction of the samurai class, but some of the business people came from older merchant families.
• Some of the newcomers were from the peasant ranks.
• Born a peasant, Shuibuzawa Eiichi became 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He used other people's money to set up cotton-spinning mills and other textile operations.

• The first meeting of the Japanese parliament in 1890 and an 1850s cartoon depicting American Commodore Matthew Perry as a greedy warlord are two examples of Western influence.

• It was based on industrialization.

• Japan's success in organizing industrialization, including its careful management of foreign advice and models, proved to be one of the great developments of the 19th century.

• Keeping the early phases of Japanese industrialization in perspective is important.
• Japan was not equal to the West before World War I.
• For industrial purposes, Japan depended on imports of Western equipment and raw materials.
• Although economic growth and careful government policy allowed Japan to avoid Western domination, it was often at a disadvantage due to being dependent on world economic conditions.
• In order to pay for machine and resource imports, it needed exports to pay for hordes of low-paid workers.
• The bulk of the silk was destined for Western markets.
• The labor of poorly paid women who worked at home or in sweatshops made up most of the production.

• The women were sold by farm families.
• Efforts at labor organization were met with vigorous suppression.

• The industrial revolution and wider extensions of manufacturing and commercial agriculture, along with political change, had significant ramifications within Japanese culture and society.
• The changes helped create a more aggressive foreign policy.
• The death rates were reduced by better nutrition and new medical provisions.
• Steady population growth strained Japanese resources and ensured a constant supply of low-cost labor, but it also ensured a constant supply of low-cost labor.
• Japan's class tensions were caused by this.

• A universal education system was introduced by the Japanese government.
• Science and technical subjects were emphasized in this education along with political loyalty to the nation and emperor.
• Many Japanese students went abroad to study technical subjects in other countries after taking empha sized science courses at the university level.

• Japanese insistence on distinctive values was revealed by education.
• After a period of reform in the 1870s, when hundreds of Western teachers were imported and a Rutgers University professor was brought in for high-level advice, the emperor and conservative advisors stepped back.
• This was the time when reformers like Fukuzawa Yukichi began to tone down their rhetoric.
• individualism and innovation had gone too far.

• The use of foreign books on morality was banned, and government inspection of textbooks was intended to promote social order.

• As part of the effort to become modern, many Japanese copied Western fashions.
• The samurai shaved their head with a topknot, an example of the Westernization of hair in world history.
• The Japanese became enthusiastic toothbrushers and consumers of patent medicines as Western standards of hygiene spread.
• The metric system was adopted by Japan.
• Despite popular cultural fads, the Japanese managed to maintain an emphasis on their own values.
• What the Japanese wanted from the West was practical techniques, and they intended to give them a Japanese spirit.

• The barbarians looked upon The glory of the Eastern Empire of Japan.

• Western enthusiasms were not meant to destroy the Japanese spirit.

• Traditional emphases were retained in Japanese family life.
• The birth rate went down as more people left the land.
• The rise of factory industry made children's labor less useful.
• This trend was developed earlier in the West.
• The divorce rate exploded until legal changes made procedures more difficult.
• The Japanese wanted to maintain the superiority of women in the home.
• They were offended by the position of Western women.
• The more open and boisterous behavior of Americans contrasted with the standards of Japanese courtesy.
• The customs of the United States are "obscenity" according to a samurai visitor.
• Japanese religious values were also preserved.
• Shintoism won new interest because it appealed to the new nationalist concern with Japan's distinctive mission and the religious functions of the emperor.

• There were other themes in the situation of Japanese women.

• In Japan and Russia, women were used in the early factory labor force because of their low wages, which were an advantage in global markets.
• As part of its new commitment to mass education, the government provided schooling for girls.
• In Russia, many upper-class women had opportunities for high education in secondary schools or separate universities.
• The tension they encountered, between assumptions that women should play subservient and domestic roles and the excitement of new educational opportunities, was not entirely different from current conditions in Russia or the West.
• Outright feminism was not as common as in western or eastern Europe.
• Rapid economic change made traditionalism impossible.

• The shift was an imitation of Western models.

• The pressure for expansion was great.

• Korea was annexed by Japan in 1910.

• The map shows Japan's gains, but also limitations that frustrated Japanese nationalists.

• The passion other Japanese displayed for Western fashions was resented by many Japanese conservatives.
• The war between Japan and China was very troubling in a society that stressed the importance of parental authority.

• There was tension in political life.
• Japanese ministers were frustrated over rights to determine policy as political parties clashed with the Japanese victory.
• The Diet and imperial aims were often dissolved because of the Western call for new elections.
• Direct action impulses in the samurai tradition were reflected in the political assassinations and insistence that Japan withdraw from attempted assassinations.

• There was another kind of tension in intellectual life.
• There was enough adaptation to prevent the emergence of a full Russian-style intelligentsia in Japan.
• Intellectuals were pessimistic about the loss of identity in a changing world.
• There was confusion about a Japan that was no longer traditional, but not Western.

• Do not accept charity or be loved by others.
• Wear a mask.
• Be prepared to hit the next man on the head at any time.
• You are certain to break up with someone when you make friends with them.

• Japanese leaders urged national loyalty and devotion to the emperor as an antidote to social and cultural insecurity.
• The official message promoted Japanese virtues that the West lacked.

• The nation is a single family and the imperial fam ily is our main house.
• The people worship the imperial line with the same respect and love that a child has for his parents.
• The special character of our national polity is the union of loyalty and filial piety.

• Japanese nationalism was built on traditions of superiority, cohesion, and deference to rulers, as well as on the new tensions generated by rapid change.
• In Japan, it became a deep force that played a unique role in justifying sacrifice and struggle in a national mission to preserve independence and dignity in a hostile world.
• Japan avoided the revolutionary pressure that hit Russia, China, and other countries after 1900 because of nationalism, police suppression of dissent, and the sweeping changes of the early Meiji years.

• Japan's success reminds us of how unusual it was.
• The Western world was able to match its achievements.
• Most of the rest of the world was concerned with adjusting to or resisting the threat of Japanese Western dominance.
• The ability to emulate the Japanese pattern of rapid change seems to have increased in the West, with other parts of east Asia leading the pack.

• During the Meiji era, Japanese leaders decided that Russia's world role was founded on its huge size and territorial expan to open the wave of globalization.

• There were new twists in Japan during the 19th century.
• Russian diplomats gained direct roles in western lines as they sought to be regarded as a great nation.
• The conflicts with China and Russia took place in Europe.
• Russian forces entered France as part of the coalition.
• Napoleon was defeated by Japan.
• A side result was the development of new economic success that would most clearly define its new taurants in France, called bistros, based on the Russian word for place in the world.
• The Hungarian revolution Pacific region was put down by Russian armies in 1849.
• Russia's involvement in Middle Eastern diplomacy resulted in Japan becoming a force to be reckoned with.

• Russia extended its influence in eastern Asia, seizing new Japan, and the entry of Japan into world affairs contributed to impor territories in northern China and claimed a role elsewhere.
• The col ision course is with Japan.
• The rise of the sia, along with the globalization of the United States, added to the growing sense of competition between the established Western powers.
• Japan's surge promoted international styles in art.

• Japan had only experienced one previous attempt by the new powers added directly to the competitive atmosphere, the late-16th century invasion of the Far East.

• Compare the industrialization process in Russia and Japan.
• Early industrialization in western Europe was a constructive part of Confucianism.

• Explain why Japan was able to introduce fundamental change without provoking a revolution.

• The 19th century was a time of new contacts.
• Railroads, steamships, and the telegraph gave unprecedented speed and volume for the movement of people, goods, and news.

• The opening of the Panama canals made it easier to travel around the world.
• The constant pressure of european merchants, missionaries, and imperialists caused people in almost every society in the world to have to react to the West.
• It was not possible for leaders in east Asia to seek isolation.
• By the second half of the 19th century, the question of what to do about Western culture and Western intrusion had become an inescapable global issue.

• It is possible to say that globalization is a new, more intense, and more demand ing set of global contacts than had ever existed in world history.

• Singer Sewing machines, an American operation, was one of the largest companies in Russia by 1900.

• Although it was behind international commerce, political globalization emerged.

• Two forces came up.
• Western reformers began to care about the human rights of distant peoples with whom they shared neither religion nor race but a common humanity.
• The antislavery crusade of the late 18th and early 19th century was the start of global human rights movements.
• The World Anti-Slavery Society was the first international organization that depended on the moral pressure of world opinion.
• Other movements, such as the international red Cross and convention about the treatment of prisoners of war, followed from humanitarian concern applied internationally.
• New kinds of international agreements that would facilitate commercial activity were seen as utility by economic interests.
• This resulted in the establishment of international protection for patents.
• Building on both impulses, the 1880s saw a flurry of new international nongovernmental organizations around issues such as labor conditions and women's rights.
• The international Court began operations at the end of the 19th century.
• There was an effort to create a blended international language.

• International travel times were shortened by the Canal.

• Cultural globalization happened as well.
• For the first time popular culture spread directly from one region to the world as a result of the popularity of Western sports.
• There were limits to the first surge of globalization.
• The initial Olympics had athletes from north America and Australia, but they were not global.

• A fallen soldier is being covered by an angel in a frame.
• This was an expression of new international humanitarian impulses and political organization.

• The West continued to blend contacts with regional patterns in creative combinations.
• The balance was shifting toward globalization by 1914.
• The continued challenge of comparison among regions must not be overshadowed by the growth of Western military and economic power.

• The complexity of the long 19th cen tury was captured by the growing popularity of nationalism.
• There was a force that highlighted differences.

• Many regions made new claims on real or imagined traditions because of the spread of nationalism.
• It legitimized a degree of separation and a proud assertion of the validity of specific regional traditions as a result of this new political loyalty spreading.

• Five young Japanese men arrived in london to learn from the English and Western culture.
• Prince ito Hirobumi was the prime minister of the first Japanese cabinet government.
• "Study abroad" was a key part of globalization.

• By 1900, what were the main differences between an industrial and an agricultural society?
• In the 19th century, compare the colonial experiences of India and Africa.
• The causes of European industrialization are explained by interpretive issues.

What were the main changes from the Early Modern period to the 19th century? Did the 19th century promote or discourage cultural interaction?

• The "Occupy Wall Street" movement began in the United States in New York City as a response to the discrepancy between the banking industry and favorable U.S. government policies.
• The movement quickly spread to other cities in the United States.
• The image from the "Occupy" protest in Northern Ireland is a great example of how local actions can inspire global movements in the twenty-first century.

• The maps show two of the biggest stories of the 20th century.
• The great Western empires and the Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, and part of the Russian empires collapsed by the end of the century.
• During the 20th century, there were more new nations than any other time in history.
• The boundary changes were related to other upheavals.
• By the early 21st century, almost every country had a different kind of government from what it had had a century before, and some societies had had multiple kinds of government.
• The social system in 1914 was still dominated by a landed aristocracy.
• The landed aristocracy was displaced by revolution or the rise of industry by the beginning of the 21st century.

• New nations were paralleled by new political systems.

• Political maps aren't the only story.
• The late 20th and early 21st centuries saw new challenges to the nation-state as the current phase of world history involves the rise of the nation-state.
• The European union was the strongest of the new regional combinations.

• Multinational corporations had more power than any other nation.

• The age of empire is over.
• The replacement is not as clear.
• The period of world history is over.

• The 19th century has ended more than once.
• Defining the new period is an ongoing challenge.
• We know the end of the story because we know what the dominant trends and factors were in the past.
• Picking out the key themes for the current phase of world history must be more tentative.

• There are several clear conclusions and several open questions.

• The contemporary period around 1900 has several shifts away from the themes of the 19th century.
• European empires almost reached their limits by 1900 and would soon begin to retreat around new European weakness and nationalist pressures.

• A woman is surrounded by her children while a poster shows a German soldier in Russia.

• Japan made it clear that the people of Alton should contribute to war aid.

• Midway is here.

• The Political Map of the Present-Day World would end.
• Russia, Mexico, and China were the first to suggest that old social and political forms would be under new challenge.
• The spread of new public health measures led to the growth of global populations.
• World War I damaged Europe and promoted political changes elsewhere.
• The conflict, applying industrial technology to warfare, opened new levels of violence that would continue to mark the century that followed.
• This wasn't the 19th-century world.

• There are several global themes in the contemporary period in world history.
• Decolonization involves the dissolution of global empires.
• From the 1920s to the 1970s, this was a major change, pushing back global forces in favor of new levels of nationalism and regional assertion.

• At various points, the Soviet union provided a political, economic, and policy in business, politics, finance, and even culture.
• This ended too, and the united States emerged as from the late 1940s onward and increasingly fueled by a new tech sole superpower, but this was unlikely to provide a durable pat nologies and explicit policies alike, a heightened level of global tern either.
• The final Big Concept for world history's newest dominant civilization would be formed by some other contacts, playing the role that the Islamic Middle period played.

• The world of European dominance began to come crashing down and ushered in another stage in down with World War I, and the destruction accelerated with the capacity to move people, goods, and ideas worldwide.
• European civil wars caused before shrunk the world as never two world wars were, in part, satellite transmissions and the internet.
• Military life was redefined by new technology.
• The destructive power of warfare grew so fast that it became impossible to cling to exclusive economic dominance.
• It became possible to kill more effectiveness of anticolonial nationalisms and the political people more quickly because of the growing strength and even outside of war.
• The order of the 19th century had to be disrupted by World War II.
• Western mili world history was marked by purges and genocides.
• There were new challenges.
• More lions could die.

• 66 million were made available for outside intervention during World War II.

• 6 million were Jews in the Holocaust.
• Stalin is thought to have been responsible for 20 million deaths.
• 10 to 12 million people died in World War I because of the collapse of European imperial dominance.

• The revolution claimed 9 million lives.

• War I continues between Palestinians and Europe.

• The 1900-Present centuries are the newest stage of world history.
• Around 40 million died in the West by 1920, in Japan by 1950, and in China and Latin America by 1950.

• A third defining population levels prove manageable and self-correcting are features of the new period in world history.

• As new global linkages, restraint in and new patterns of urban poverty played their own role, not just the use of military technology, and successful responses to popu in regional but also in world history.

• Massive population growth brought people over long distances, mainly from less industrial to more industrial areas.
• Economic, political, and social changes marked the new period and created new tensions.
• Population growth and trends in culture were less clear, but there was urban expansion at contemporary levels that pressed the debate and conflict.
• There were several factors that spurred change.
• One of the reasons environmental conditions degraded international contacts was because of new ment.
• The right revolution was important.
• Major changes in popula systems can be traced back to the growth to put the brakes on, along with city populations and manufacturing.

• War I continues between Palestinians and Europe.

• Marxism was a belief system that was persuasive.

• The shifts from the west were very stark.
• In 1914, the dominant social and Japan came to an emphasis on consumer values and faith in class in most of the world's societies.

• The upper middle class of educated managers was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Many people have changed into big-business owners.
• Most politi changed their beliefs during the 20th and 21st centuries.
• cal regimes were either empires or monarchies.
• By 2009, the major religions had retained their power.
• Christian and Islamic activities were successful in Africa, but mission and multinational ary activities were rare.
• While men and elsewhere.
• A strong commitment to and women were still not equal by the 21st century, patriarchal values gained conventions had been seriously modified, almost everywhere, ground, often making use of new technology to get the message by voting rights for women.
• By the end of the 20th century, cultural preferences within societies such as the Middle East, India, Russia, and the united States were being challenged by declining birth rates.

• In the 20th century, societies did not produce uniform responses.
• Globalization had retreated.
• The soviet union pulled out of the international economic and politi democratic replacements in the 1920s and 1930s.
• A woman had a new cal system.
• China rights almost everywhere, but their economic conditions and withdraw during the early decades of the cold war, as did their gender goals.

• The technologies that promoted further contacts spurred changes in some cases, not only in social structure and erate, but also in the politics of the time and in women's condition.
• Japan, Germany, and the united States became other places, new kinds of contacts, and the process of decoloni active global players.
• The global system was reentered 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 This is the second round of drama.

• With greater political independence and new political corporations, many parts of the world made systematic efforts to gration.
• They improved their position in the world economy.
• A few regions onward, a massive network of international nongovernmental such as Japan and the Pacific Rim joined western Europe and organizations emerged, which sought to deal with an array of the united States as advanced industrial societies at the top of issues from human rights and the environment to sweatshop the economic heap A larger number of societies worked harder.
• The voice of global cultural change was heard at the global economic table.
• States took advantage of their control over vital global resources because of population growth.

• Replacing excessive reliance on the leading and Latin America to industrial centers in the united States, west economic nations with local manufacturing through a process ern Europe, and to some extent Japan was the focus of some.
• Migrants are now called import substitution.
• Further cultural contact export sectors were encouraged by others who began to develop modern back and forth frequently.
• The biggest changes occurred between their societies of origin and their new homes.

• China became a global Globalization powerhouse in the 1980s.
• India increased its exports.
• The human impact on the environment was developed as a center for outsourcing services.
• It took on international dimensions.
• The world's fourth largest computer exporter is Mul.
• The advancement of modern manufacturing caused many crises, including oil spills and chemical disasters.
• The result was a more complex world economy than acid rain brought to forests.
• The early 21st world's population had been directly involved in industrializa century that air pollution and the destruction of tropical rain tion; by 2009, the figure was passing 60 percent.
• The shift to more for the entire planet was caused by the creation of global warming by great economic forests.
• There was a lag between economic globaliza aspects of change as well as the struggle to find industrial economies.

• In the cultural field, change occurred, but here amid far Four themes, organize many of the specific dispute and resistance.
• The end of empires and new secular loyalties were encouraged by three cultural forces.
• The redefinition of traditional political and 20th century was one of the consequences of the newest stage of world history.
• The increase incidence of devastating the oppression of Buddhism under the Tang dynasty is a fifth theme that some historians would like to advance.

• In the late 20th century, many people believed that change was a way to shape responses to current problems.
• Dramatic change is not prevented by the hand of the accelerated more rapidly than at any previous point in world history.
• It was important to recognize the change.

• These were related to three other categories.
• Impact on Daily Life: Emotions low-cost production of raw materials and foods was the focus of many regions.
• Industrial countries increased their control over most African exports during the 20th century.
• In the 20th and 21st centuries, parts of Latin America and south Key developments were dominated by older constraints in the people's emotions and behavior.
• Emotions are a part of the world economy.
• India is hardwired and not subject to historical change.
• Older economic and social forms can be found in many emotional rural regions.

• Some emotional and behavioral standards had access to the Internet, which was a huge minority, but also a sign of change and a reminder of ongoing tury.
• According to anthropologists, Tahitians were slower limitations.
• The economic inequalities had worsened to anger.
• The traditions of angry or jealous responses to offenses were maintained by societies around the Mediterranean by the early 21st century.

• There was a lot of resistance to change in world history.
• Many societies were hesitant to redefine gender relation.
• In places like Africa and the Middle East, passivity is a result of this destroy social inequality.
• The leader of the communist upheaval in girls continued to be less likely to receive primary education than China.
• The influence of fundamentalist religions has increased.
• Civil rights leaders in the united States encouraged resistance to many kinds of change, childrearing manuals to show African American parents how including in some instances the inroads of consumer culture.

• In the 21st century, demographic changes had emotional and behavioral impliments in the southern Indian state of Kerala.
• When families lowered their birth rates, leaders tried to organize beauty contests in which their attachment to their children increased.
• The best command of families in the 20th century could not survive the death of language and culture.
• This attempt to use a new child without divorce was intriguing.
• Growing debates with school officials over the proper tradition was one of the reasons why Chinese educators were popular in the 1990s.
• Even as it built a world treatment of particular children by teams of parents and grand wide empire, McDonald's accepted essential adjustments to local customs.

• Teriyaki burgers in Japan were affected by the spread of global consumerism.
• McDonald's had to teach workers to smile and pretend to be cheerful when it set up its first restaurants in Soviet Rus ization.

• Flight attendants retained their previous orientations.
• The united States continued to be and service even after the international airlines received the same training.
• Consumer pitches played up emotions like being suspicious of romantic love and playing down emotions like grief.
• That may limit its sovereignty.
• When China opened up to the global economy after 1978, public included those on the environment, on punishing war criminals, and on banning land mines, it rejected several pacts.
• During the items that seemed to express loving care, China changed a lot.

• In a shopping mall in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saudis place their orders at a Mcdonald's restaurant.

• There was an intriguing aspect of globalization where shared patterns and regional distinctions were combined.

• Emotions and behaviors did not change worldwide.

• The global impact of economic Older distinctions continued.
• Each depression has new trends.
• There were big differences between the anger surge of decolonization and the European fueled protest.

• During the cold war, there was a growing number in eastern Europe.

• The larger themes of this new period in world history are shown in the chapters in this section.
• The section begins with Chapter 33 on World War I, in which some recognize key stages within the past century: the world wars of the key trends of the 19th century were brutally reversed.
• The postwar develop chapter covers not only the war, but the flawed peace settlementments dominated by the cold war and decolonization, as well as the growing attacks on European imperialism around the third phase.