8.5 The Combined Gas Law

• When the amount of gas does not change, use the combined gas law to calculate the unknown pressure, volume, or temperature of a gas.

• If the amount of gas does not change, this expression is useful for studying the effect of changes in two of these variables.

• A bubble is released from a diver's air tank at a pressure of 4.00 atm and a temperature of 11 degrees.

• The given and needed quantities should be stated.
• The properties that change are pressure, volume, and temperature.
• The amount of gas is shown below the table.
• The temperature must be changed tokelvins.

• The gas law equation can be used to solve a mystery.

• The data table shows that the pressure and temperature changes will increase the volume.

• It is difficult to predict the overall change for the unknown in situations where the unknown value is decreased by one change but increased by another.

• A weather balloon has a temperature of 25 degC and a pressure of 685mmHg.

• There is a bubble of hot gas at a temperature of 35 degrees.
• The final from an active volcano.

• A sample of argon gas has a volume of 735 mL.
• What is the final pressure of air, in atmo sure of 1.20 atm and a temperature of 112 degC.

• Avogadro's law can be used to calculate the unknown amount or volume of a gas when the pressure and temperature don't change.

• When there is a change in the number of moles or grams of gas, the properties of the gas change.

• The volume of a balloon increases when you blow it up.

• Air leaks out of a balloon if it has a small hole.

• The volume of gas is related to the number of moles.

• The weather balloon has a volume of 44 L.

• The given and needed quantities should be stated.
• The properties that change are volume and amount.
• Below the table are the properties that do not change.

• The gas law equation can be used to solve a mystery.

• The mole factor is greater than 1, which increases the volume as predicted.

• If both gases have the same number of moles of gas at the same temperature and pressure, they will have equal volumes.

• The volume of three basketballs is about the same as the volume of one mole of gas.

• Avogadro's law states that a mole of gas has a volume of 22.4 L.

• The number of moles of gas and its volume, in liters, can be converted into conversion factors by using the molar volume.

• The given and needed quantities should be stated.

• To calculate the needed quantity, write a plan.

• Write the equalities and conversion factors.

• To cancel units, set up the problem with factors.

• A sample of 0.500 mole of O2 is added to the container.

• A sample of O2 is removed.

• Half of Ne atoms can escape from a leak.

• The molar volume can be used to calculate Ne gas in the container.

• The total pressure of a mixture of gases can be calculated using the law of partial pressures.

• A mixture of gases is what many gas samples are.
• The air you breathe is made up of mostly oxygen and nitrogen gases.
• Scientists observed that all gas particles behaved the same.
• The total pressure of the gases in a mixture is determined by the amount of gas particles that collide.

• The other was filled with argon at a pressure of 4.0m.

• The pressure in the container is determined by the combination of single tank with the same volume and temperature, the number of gas molecules, and the helium with a pressure of 2.0 atm type of gas.
• The total pressure of the gas mixture and argon is 6.0 atm, which is the sum of their individual or partial pressures.

• The air you breathe is a mixture of gasses.

• On a typical day, partial pressures for the gases in air are listed.

• The pressure of the gas mixture is 7.00 atm.

• To solve the unknown pressure, Rearrange the equation.
• O2 can be used to match units.

• If you want to calculate the unknown pressure, substitute known pressures into the equation.

• The dissolved are three times greater than atmospheric pressure if the diver ascends to the surface too quickly.
• A cut off of oxygen can cause gas bubbles to form in a blood vessel, which can block a blood vessel and increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the blood.
• A diver suffering from the bends is put into a pool of toxicbacteria.
• Hyperbaric chambers can be used to counteract carbon monoxide when pressure is first increased and then used during surgery.
• The dissolved nitrogen can be used to treat cancer.

• The blood can dissolving up to 85% of the oxygen.
• If the partial pressure of the oxygen in the chamber is 2270mmHg (3 atm), about 2170mmHg of oxygen can be dissolved in the blood.
• Oxygen at high pressure is used in the treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning to get rid of the CO from the hemoglobin faster than breathing pure oxygen.

• A patient undergoing treatment in a hyperbaric chamber must also undergo decompression at a rate that slowly reduces the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the blood.
• Gas bubbles may form in the circulatory system if decompression is too rapid.

• The "bends" may occur in a Hyperbaric chamber.
• A breathing mixture with higher pressures is used in the treatment of diver below the surface of the ocean.
• There are diseases that are nitrogen related.

• Nitrogen is the partial pressure of a mixture of gases.

• There are partial pressures in a gas mixture.
• The pressures are called partial neon 75mmHg and nitrogen 125mmHg.

• There is a mixture of oxygen and helium.
• The partial pressure of a total pressure of a gas mixture is the same as the partial pressure of a gas mixture.

• A head injury can affect a person's ability to breathe.
• Breath in and out if it is added to the mixture.

• There is a de crease ventilator, an air mixture is delivered at pressures that are in the ability of oxygen to diffuse into the blood.

• She can exercise before she starts.
• The medication relaxes the induce asthma, particu muscles that surround the airways.

• She does a warm-up.
• Whitney avoids exercising outdoors if her asthma is high.

• Whitney's lung capacity was measured at a body airways increased and the temperature was 37 degrees.

• How many grams of nitrogen can be found in Whitney's lungs within 20 minutes after the start of vigorous nitrogen if air contains less than 80% exercise.

• Whitney does things to prevent asthma.

• In a gas, particles are so far apart and moving that their attractions are meaningless.

• The surface of a container can be used.

• Avogadro's law can be used to calculate if the volume increases.

• A mole of gas has a volume of 22.4 L.

• The volume decreases and the temperature increases.

• The individual gases should be used at the temperature.

• If it were the only gas in change, it would exert 400 K pressure.

• A gas law states that the volume of a gas is directly of mercury.

• The atmosphere exerts pressure.

• A gas law states that the pressure of a gas is related to the temperature and moles of the gas when the number of not changing.

• Two properties change when pressure and moles are in opposite directions.

• There is a relationship that combines gas laws.

• A volume of 22.4 L occupied by 1 mole of a gas does not change.

• A gas law states that a container exerts pressure.

• Each gas would exert itself alone under the standard conditions.

• The pressure was used to compare the gases.

• Two properties increase or decrease together.

• One of the gas laws that shows the relationships of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture is the law of Dalton.

• The partial pressure of each property in a table.

• We convert the partial pressure of the gas to the full pressure.
• What is the final volume in liters?

• The temperature is -8 degC and the pressure is 658mmHg.

• The densities of gases are the same.

• The flasks have different pressures.

• If pressure doesn't change, the temperature increases.

• If pressure doesn't change, the temperature will go down.

• If the temperature does not change, atmospheric pressure will decrease.

• Increasing the atmospheric pressure and increasing the temperature.

• A balloon is filled with neon gas with a partial pressure of 0.50 atm.

• The Heimlich maneuver is when you put your arms around the person's waist and use your fists to push up on the person's abdomen.

• The double of H2 in a container is the partial pressure of O2.

• He chose the sample because it was lighter than air and had a pressure of hydrogen gas.

• A fire extinguisher has a pressure of 10.

• A weather balloon has a volume of 750 L when filled with helium at a pressure of 380 Torr.

• During laparoscopic surgery, carbon dioxide gas is used to launch his expand the abdomen to create a larger working space.

What is the expansion at high altitudes if the partial pressure of helium is 32mmHg?

• Two gas containers of equal volume X are partitioned with an increase in volume causing it to burst and a small parachute valve.
• One contains H2 at a pressure of 1 atm and the other returns the instruments to Earth.

• There are problems related to the topics in this chapter.

• There is a space station above Mars.

• A sample of xenon gas has a pressure of 745mmHg and a volume of 7.50 L. When the volume and temperature of the gas sample are less than 0.115 atm, what is the final pressure of the gas?

• You are researching planet X.
• The temperature inside CO2 gas was produced at 37 and 1.00 atm.
• The final volume of the gas in the space station is 755mmHg, which is measured at 22 degC.

• They move faster because of 25 L of cyclopropane energy.

• External pressure decreases when a diver ascends to the surface.

• The lungs are damaged by 0.381 atm.

• The external pressure must be adjusted by the lungs.

• The volume is 22.4 L.

• A decrease in volume pushes the gas particles closer together, which will cause an increase in the pressure.

• The partial pressure of the gas is called the pressure that each gas exerts as part of the total pressure.

• The volume of the lungs is reduced.

• The food can be seen in the trachea.

• The pressure of oxygen will be lower.

• The partial pressure of oxygen in the blood is raised.

• They carry waste products and excess fluid from the body.

• She has a lot of water in her cells.
• The amount of water and blood pressure are regulated by hormones and the concentration of calcium in the blood.
• She has diseases such as diabetes in her body fluids and the rate at which waste and high blood pressure can cause a decrease in kidney products removed from her body.
• That function is explained by Amanda.
• Water is essential for many chemical reactions in the urine, an abnormal level of urea in the blood, and swollen feet, all of which are symptoms of a malfunction of the kidneys.
• If there is too much or too little failure of the kidneys, it may be treated with a transplant.

• Due to the fact that her kidneys no longer perform, she can't regulate the amount of electrolytes or strep throat she contracted as a child.
• As a result, she has an electrolyte stopped functioning, she was placed on a three-drug regimen, and her body takes a week to recover.
• She enters the unit with water in her system.
• The nurse asked how she was feeling.
• The machine that she uses to reduce her high indicates that she feels tired and has a lot of waste products.

• A nurse specializes in assisting patients.
• Monitoring the patient before, during, and after the procedure is necessary for any problems such as a drop in blood pressure.
• The patient is connected to the unit via a catheter that is inserted into the neck or chest, which must be kept clean to prevent infections.

• A nurse must have a lot of knowledge about how the machine works to make sure it works correctly.

• She is having treatment three times a week.

• In a solution, identify the solute and solvent.

• There are solutions around us.

• Oxygen and nitrogen gases make up the majority of the air we breathe.
• The ocean has many ionic compounds dissolved in water.
• In your medicine cabinet, there is a solution of iodine dissolved in alcohol.

• The solvent can be mixed in different proportions because it does not react with each other.
• A solution of salt dissolved in water tastes salty.
• The solution tastes very salty when a large amount of salt is dissolved.
• In this case, salt is the substance present in the lesser amount, whereas the solvent is present in the greater amount.
• The solute is salt and the solvent is water.

• A solvent has at least one solute in it.

• A solution of copper(II) sulfate forms as particles of solute dissolving, moving away from the crystal, and becoming evenly dispersed among the solvent (water) molecule.

• Solids, liquids, or gases are known as solutes.
• The solution has the same physical state as the solvent.
• Sugar solution is liquid when sugar crystals are dissolved in water.
• Water is the solvent and sugar is the solute.
• Carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to make soda water and soft drinks.
• The solute is the carbon dioxide gas, and the solution is water.

• Water is a common solvent.
• H bonds are polar.
• The hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge and the oxygen atom has a partial negative charge.
• The shape of a water molecule is not linear.

• There are many hydrogen bonds that link water molecule together.
• The properties of biological compounds are dependent on hydrogen bonds.

• In water, hydrogen bonds form between the oxygen atom in one water molecule and the hydrogen atom in another.

• A solution will be determined by the interactions between solute and solvent.

• Energy is needed to separate the particles.

• As solute particles move between solvent particles to form a solution, energy is released.
• The energy for the initial separation must come from the attractions between the solute and solvent particles.

• Between 1500 and 3000 mL of water is lost every day.
• The majority of the body's water is contained in the cells of the kidneys, the skin, the lungs, and the gastrointestinal tract.
• Dehydration can include the fluid in the tissue and the blood.

• Between the loss of fluid can be fatal, these external fluids carry waste materials.

• The intake of fluids replaces the water in the body.

• The upper layer is less dense.
• The two layers of water do not mix.

• There are strong ionic bonds in NaCl.

• The Ni tively charged Na+ ion and negatively charged Cl- ion is the ionic solute.
• The 3)2 is found in the water of a polar solvent.

• The attraction of the ion to other ion is diminished by the hydration of the ion.

• The formula H2O over the arrow indicates that water is needed for the dissociation process but is not a reactant.

• Ions on the surface of a crystal of NaCl are attracted to the polar water molecule that pulls them into solution.

• The hydrogen bonds between the polar water and CH3OH form a solution.

• Try Practice Problems 9.3 to 9.6 are nonpolar solutes.

• Water and benzene are not polar solvent.

• When FeSO4 and ionic solid LiBr are dissolved in water, describe the formation of a solution.