58.5 Food Webs and Energy Flow

• The principles of island biogeography have been applied to wild life preserves, which are essentially islands in a sea of developed land.

• There are different types of ecological pyramids.

• The amount of food chain is one of the factors that affect species richness.

• Each organisms are depicted with a linear depiction of energy flow.
• What happens to the energy from the preceding organisms.

• Two of the most impor is on other plants.
• Chain length and the pyramid of numbers are features of food webs.

• Many organisms die before they are eaten.

• Consumers can get energy in different ways.
• Carrion beetles use other animals to feed on dead trophs.
• Some detritivores don't eat food but Sunlight for this process.
• They make energy-rich organic ers.
• The most important are the organisms.
• Nearly all other organisms depend on the same molecule.

• Organisms that consume organic molecules from their environment groups such as earthworms and fungi work in concert to extract ment to sustain life and thus receive their nutrition by eating other most of the energy.
• Prey that feed on them.

• Many different species of animals and plants feed on the same plant.

• Let's look at some of the characteristics of food webs in more detail.

• The chain length is two if a lion feeds on a zebra and a zebra feeds on different species.

• Different species occupy different trophic levels.
• Each species is fed by more than one species.

• The goal of the modeling challenge is to draw a food web that depicts some of the main species in the park.

• Cottonwood, wheatgrass, mouse, mule deer, bison, and coyote are some of the species that are included in the food web.

• Plants are placed at the bottom of the food web, the herbivores are placed on the next level, and the carnivores are above them.
• Aspen, cottonwood, and willow are all eaten by deer.
• bison, mouse, and elk eat wheatgrass.
• Wolves and coyotes eat a lot of animals.
• You may not have songbirds in your food web.

• Chapter 58 is usually five or fewer because of two factors.
• Many organisms can't digest all their prey.
• They only take the easily digestible plant leaves or animal tissue from food that has left the hard wood or energy-rich bones behind.

• The animal energy is used in maintenance and is lost as heat.
• Roughly 10% of the available energy is transferred from one trophic level to another.

• The efficiency of consum ers is evaluated by ecologists in two ways: production efficiency and trophic-level transfer efficiency.

• Feces 177 J porated.

• The squirrel's production efficiency is low.
• If a mouthful of food contains 1,000 J, about 807 J is used in cellular respiration to fuel metabolism, and 177 J is lost in feces.
• The production efficiency of converting 16 J of the 823 J assimilated is 1.9%.

• The squirrel's production efficiency is reduced by maintaining a constant body temperature.

• Microorganisms have high production efficiency.
• There is a lot of variation within the animals.

• The production efficiency of fishes and birds and mammals is around 10% and 1-2%, respectively.
• The difference reflects the cost of maintaining a constant body temperature.

• If a period of feeding energy flow through a food web shows five trophic levels with four delivering 1,000 J of energy of which 500 J is lost in feces, 320 J is links between the trophic levels.
• 180 J goes to growth when energy is lost as heat in a single.

• The production efficiency of a consumer is the topic.
• More trophic levels, energy is lost due to imperfect efficiency, the question asks you to calculate the production of transfer.

• 180 J is used for growth.

• The data should be inserted into the formula.

• Fishes the amount of energy used in cellular respiration.

• The production efficiency of the caterpillar is 36%.

• Plants of small animals that are drifting on the ocean in Silver Springs, Fla. have an energy flow.
• There is a lot of variation in transfer efficiency.

• There are two reasons for Trophic-level transfer efficiency being low.

• Many organisms can't digest all of their prey.

• Consumers leave the hard wood or energy-rich bones behind.

• Producers lose most of their energy as heat.
• Abundance of species in an American grassland decreases with increasing trophic level.
• The higher levels are available in a pyramid.

• In a grassland, there may be millions of individual plants per mid.