02 Cells Biology Notes IGCSE 2014

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permeable membrane

permeable membrane

The diffusion of water through a partially ________ is called osmosis.

D Osmosis

________ enables the plant to absorb water to maintain cell turgidity (or to replace water lost by transpiration)

 Arteries

________ and veins are usually thought of as organ as they consist of several tissue layers.

leaf

A(n) ________ is an organ made up of a number of tissues, e.g.

nucleus

 The ________ contains the chromosomes, which are made of DNA.

transport water

Function: conduction (________ and mineral ions from roots to leaves) support (Ligmin provides strength for the stem)

Phloem

In a vascular bundle in a stem, ________ is on the outside and Xylem is on the inside.

 Cells

________ can use energy to move substances up their concentration gradient, from a low concentration to a high concentration.

Store food

________: Gllucose produced by photosynthesis is converted into starch and stored in the cytoplasm.

waft

Function: ________ mucus with bacteria and dust away from the lungs.

Cells

________ are organized to form tissue, organs, and organ systems.

Multicelullar plants

________ and animals contain many different types of cell.

Osmosis

________ is a special form of diffusion and always involves the movement of H2O across a membrane.

Mitochondria

________ are present to provide energy for active transport.

Chioroplasts

________: contain chi orophyl I and enzymes for photosynthesis.

Root hair cells

________ can absorb mineral ions by diffusion and active transport.

Xylem

________ carries water and mineral salts, while Phloem transports sugars and amino acids.

vacuole

Nucleus, ________, cytoplasm and chloroplast are all organelles of a plant cell)

Cell membranes

________ prevent them entering or leaving the cell.

Diffusion

________ is the net movement of molecules from a region of its higher concentration to a region of its lower concentration.

Muscle cells Features

________: cells merge together to form fibres that can contract.

muscle tissue

It is made up of ________, blood vessels and nerves.

CO2

Importance of gaseous and solute diffusion Diffusion helps living organisms to:  obtain many of their requirements  get rid of many of their waste products  gas exchange for respiration Examples  ________ uses by plants for photosynthesis is diffuses from the air into the leaves, through the stomata (pores at the surface of leaves)

 Chloroplasts

________ contain the green pigment chlorophyll, which absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis.

 Organ system

________: a group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions.

 Tissue

________: a group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function.

Osmosis

________ is:  the movement of H2O  across a selectively permeable membrane  down a water potential gradient.

Vacuoles

________: large, permanent vacuoles, contains H20 and dissollved substances (cell sap)

Root hair cells

________ in plants take in nitrate ions from the soil.

Vacuoles

________: may have several small, temporary vacuoles, for digestion or the excretion of excess water.

Osmosis

________ is the diffusion of water molecules from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration, through a partially permeable membrane.