27.1: Under the Cold War’s Shadow

The foreign affairs experience of Eisenhower as a presidential candidate is one of his most appealing assets.
- Eisenhower visited Korea shortly after his election in December 1952, as he promised during his campaign.
The death of Joseph Stalin in 1953 brought an internal power struggle in the Soviet Union only two months after the inauguration of Eisenhower.
The other side of Eisenhowers "new look" policy in defense of threatening massive retaliation against US foreign enemies was a heavy reliance on covert CIA operations.
During the second world war he supported covert operations with enthusiasm and during its term as president he was a secret partisan of CIA-sponsored paramilitary operations.
- The CIA achieved a quick, major victory in Iran in 1953.
Mohammed Mossadegh, popular Iranian prime minister, nationalized British English-Iranian oil company, and worried that it could create a preceeding across the oil-rich Middle East.

27.2: The Affluent Society

The Federal Government played a decisive role in supporting programs during the Eisenhower years that helped millions of Americans gain middle-class status.
Millions of Americans sailed into cramped apartments or shelters during the Great Depression and World War II, often with relatives and boarders.
By the mid-1950s, the American trade union achieved a historic peak in its penetration of the labor market, reflecting enormous gains in organization drives during the New and the Second World War in the core mass production industries.
The sociologist David Riesman's The Lonely Crowd may be the most ambitious and controversial critic of post-war American suburbs.
- Riesman argued that a new type, the 'other-directed' man, was born in modern America
After the war, American higher education grew explosively to produce the post-secondary education system that still exists.
- This growth reflected and strengthened other social trends after the war
Dramatic improved healthcare has enabled many Americans to live longer and healthier lives.
- The general public became widely aware of new antibiotics, such as penicillin, World War II's 'wonder drug.'

27.3: Youth Culture

In the late 1930s and in the war years, Birthrates had gradually accelerated.
- In comparison to their parents' society and the rest of the world, the children born in those years came from age
The new teen market's demands combined with in post-war American mass media, the structural changes; reformed the folk music of the nation teens make the landscape of popular music into their own turf.
- From $213 million to $603 million dollars, the annual record sales almost tripled from 1954 to 1959.
Many adults blamed the apparent decline in parental control of teens on Rock'n'roll.
- Much of the resistance against rock 'n 'roll, especially in the South, played on racist fear of black music and black performers being attracted to white women.

27.4: Mass Culture and Its Discontents

TV was a radical transformation from radio and it developed more quickly and less chaotically as a mass media.
NBC, CBS and ABC were the three main broadcasting networks directly from radio companies.
Critics argued for atomizing, anonymous and detached audiences for mass media.
- The media were all-powerful themselves, able to manipulate the attitudes and behavior of individuals in the masses.

27.5: The Coming of the New Frontier

Eisenhower shared some of the anxieties and doubts of the protesters concerning the race for the weapons as his "new look" system found it difficult to retain it.
John F. Kennedy, the president of Truman's administration, promised to revive a liberal internal agenda.
- In his New Frontier, liberal programs such as elderly health care, increased federal education and housing, higher social security and minimum wage benefits as well as a number of measures against poverty have been promoted.
His foreign policy approach shifted from aggressive containment to efforts to allevia U.S.-Soviet tension during Kennedy's three years as president.
- Kennedy and his chief helpers certainly saw their main task as confronting the communist threat when he first entered office.
The 1959 Cuban Revolution that spanned Latin America—inspiring the left and alarming the right— was the direct impetus for the Alliance for Progress.
- The US economic rule of Cuba, starting with the Spanish-American war, continued through the 1950s
The consequences of the Bay of Pigs led to the gravest confrontation of the Cold War: the Cuban missile crisis in October 1962.
- Castro was afraid of U.S. warlike, and asked for the military aid of Soviet Prime Minister Khrushchev.
In the summer of 1962 Chrushchev reacted with sophisticated weapons to Cuba, including nuclear weapons intermediate range that could hit the Midwest and Washington.
American U-2 recognition aircraft found camouflaged missile silos on the island in early October.

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27.1: Under the Cold War’s Shadow

The foreign affairs experience of Eisenhower as a presidential candidate is one of his most appealing assets.
- Eisenhower visited Korea shortly after his election in December 1952, as he promised during his campaign.
The death of Joseph Stalin in 1953 brought an internal power struggle in the Soviet Union only two months after the inauguration of Eisenhower.
The other side of Eisenhowers "new look" policy in defense of threatening massive retaliation against US foreign enemies was a heavy reliance on covert CIA operations.
During the second world war he supported covert operations with enthusiasm and during its term as president he was a secret partisan of CIA-sponsored paramilitary operations.
- The CIA achieved a quick, major victory in Iran in 1953.
Mohammed Mossadegh, popular Iranian prime minister, nationalized British English-Iranian oil company, and worried that it could create a preceeding across the oil-rich Middle East.

27.2: The Affluent Society

The Federal Government played a decisive role in supporting programs during the Eisenhower years that helped millions of Americans gain middle-class status.
Millions of Americans sailed into cramped apartments or shelters during the Great Depression and World War II, often with relatives and boarders.
By the mid-1950s, the American trade union achieved a historic peak in its penetration of the labor market, reflecting enormous gains in organization drives during the New and the Second World War in the core mass production industries.
The sociologist David Riesman's The Lonely Crowd may be the most ambitious and controversial critic of post-war American suburbs.
- Riesman argued that a new type, the 'other-directed' man, was born in modern America
After the war, American higher education grew explosively to produce the post-secondary education system that still exists.
- This growth reflected and strengthened other social trends after the war
Dramatic improved healthcare has enabled many Americans to live longer and healthier lives.
- The general public became widely aware of new antibiotics, such as penicillin, World War II's 'wonder drug.'

27.3: Youth Culture

In the late 1930s and in the war years, Birthrates had gradually accelerated.
- In comparison to their parents' society and the rest of the world, the children born in those years came from age
The new teen market's demands combined with in post-war American mass media, the structural changes; reformed the folk music of the nation teens make the landscape of popular music into their own turf.
- From $213 million to $603 million dollars, the annual record sales almost tripled from 1954 to 1959.
Many adults blamed the apparent decline in parental control of teens on Rock'n'roll.
- Much of the resistance against rock 'n 'roll, especially in the South, played on racist fear of black music and black performers being attracted to white women.

27.4: Mass Culture and Its Discontents

TV was a radical transformation from radio and it developed more quickly and less chaotically as a mass media.
NBC, CBS and ABC were the three main broadcasting networks directly from radio companies.
Critics argued for atomizing, anonymous and detached audiences for mass media.
- The media were all-powerful themselves, able to manipulate the attitudes and behavior of individuals in the masses.

27.5: The Coming of the New Frontier

Eisenhower shared some of the anxieties and doubts of the protesters concerning the race for the weapons as his "new look" system found it difficult to retain it.
John F. Kennedy, the president of Truman's administration, promised to revive a liberal internal agenda.
- In his New Frontier, liberal programs such as elderly health care, increased federal education and housing, higher social security and minimum wage benefits as well as a number of measures against poverty have been promoted.
His foreign policy approach shifted from aggressive containment to efforts to allevia U.S.-Soviet tension during Kennedy's three years as president.
- Kennedy and his chief helpers certainly saw their main task as confronting the communist threat when he first entered office.
The 1959 Cuban Revolution that spanned Latin America—inspiring the left and alarming the right— was the direct impetus for the Alliance for Progress.
- The US economic rule of Cuba, starting with the Spanish-American war, continued through the 1950s
The consequences of the Bay of Pigs led to the gravest confrontation of the Cold War: the Cuban missile crisis in October 1962.
- Castro was afraid of U.S. warlike, and asked for the military aid of Soviet Prime Minister Khrushchev.
In the summer of 1962 Chrushchev reacted with sophisticated weapons to Cuba, including nuclear weapons intermediate range that could hit the Midwest and Washington.
American U-2 recognition aircraft found camouflaged missile silos on the island in early October.